The ethics of isolation, the spread of pandemics, and landscape ecology
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EDITORIAL
The ethics of isolation, the spread of pandemics, and landscape ecology Joa˜o C. Azevedo . Sandra Luque . Cynnamon Dobbs . Giovanni Sanesi . Terry C. H. Sunderland
Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Introduction The debate around the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has raised multiple and incompletely answered questions regarding how zoonoses are transmitted from wild populations to humans, how they spread within human communities, over regions and across continents, how countries and societies can fight or counter pandemics and how landscapes will have to be effectively
Inspired in Forman’s 1987 book chapter ‘‘The Ethics of Isolation, the Spread of Disturbance, and Landscape Ecology’’ (Forman 1987).
managed for limiting the spread of diseases keeping communities safe and healthy. A broader long-standing debate on the (un)sustainability of ongoing development models where biodiversity, climate, and socio-economic crises are central, both as causes and effects, has received additional attention in the context of the current pandemic. This has stressed the urgency of changing development paradigms to reduce pressures on ecosystems and biodiversity, increase investments in ecosystem and landscape restoration and integrate natural capital and ecosystem services valuation into decision-making processes, also at the urban scale.
J. C. Azevedo (&) Centro de Investigac¸a˜o de Montanha, Instituto Polite´cnico de Braganc¸a, Campus de Santa Apolo´nia, 5300-253 Braganc¸a, Portugal e-mail: [email protected]
G. Sanesi Department of Agro-Environmental and Territorial Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy e-mail: [email protected]
S. Luque TETIS, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, 34090 Montpellier, France e-mail: [email protected]
T. C. H. Sunderland Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada e-mail: [email protected]
C. Dobbs Centro de Modelacion y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Escuela de Ingenieria Forestal, Universidad Mayor, Jose Toribio Medina 29, Santiago, Chile e-mail: [email protected]
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Landscape Ecol
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has also highlighted a third debate on the epistemology of science and the discipline of landscape ecology. There is clearly a need to acknowledge the increasing need for holistic, integrative, and inter and transdisciplinary conceptual frameworks and research methods in science and broader applications such as human health. There has been a convergence between environmental and health disciplines over recent years highlighting the importance of the human–environment relationship in all aspects of human life, from economic, ecological, social and political perspectives, and the need for integrative and transdisciplinary approaches in science and practice (Jia et al. 2019; Spano et al. 2020). In general, human diseases spread by insects and other vectors, water, and food, and/or transmitted withi
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