The Evolution of Communitarian Ideas History, Theory and Practice
This book deals with three key questions about communitarian ideas: how to distinguish what constitutes communitarian thinking; what lessons to take from the historical development of communitarian arguments; and why their practical implications are relev
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Henry Tam
The Evolution of Communitarian Ideas
Henry Tam
The Evolution of Communitarian Ideas History, Theory and Practice
Henry Tam University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
ISBN 978-3-030-26557-1 ISBN 978-3-030-26558-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26558-8 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover credit: Venomxlr/Alamy Stock Vector This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Contents
1 The Roots of Communitarian Ideas 1 2 The Emergence of Communitarian Challenges: 1400s–1600s 29 3 Towards Enlightened Communities: The Eighteenth Century 61 4 Beyond Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft: Nineteenth to Early Twentieth Century 91 5 Critiques of Depersonalisation: 1920s–1980s 125 6 Communitarianism Articulated: 1989–2001 155 7 Tackling Community Disempowerment Post-2001 187 8 Tomorrow’s Communities 225 Index 261 v
1 The Roots of Communitarian Ideas
Lineage, Meaning and Significance Communitarian ideas offer a distinct approach to dealing with the perennial challenges that arise from human interactions. Rather than characterising them as some third or fourth option alongside prevailing modes of thinking, we may understand their meaning and significance better by recognising them as the on-going adaptation and application of what is arguably the ‘first way’ in ethics—the way of reciprocal cooperation. The Golden Rule of treating others as one would have others treat one was not only implicit in the mutually supportive behavioural traits of early human communities (Bowles and Gintis 2011), it was also explicitly accepted as the core moral injunction in every ancient civilisation from Egypt and Persia to India and China (Kainz 1
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