The glucose uptake systems in Corynebacterium glutamicum : a review
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(2020) 36:126
REVIEW
The glucose uptake systems in Corynebacterium glutamicum: a review Haozhe Ruan1 · Haibo Yu1 · Jianzhong Xu1 Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 12 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose phosphotransferase system (PTSGlc) is the major uptake system responsible for transporting glucose, and is involved in glucose translocation and phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. For the longest time, the PTSGlc was considered as the only uptake system for glucose. However, some PTS-independent glucose uptake systems (non-PTSGlc) were discovered in recent years, such as the coupling system of inositol permeases and glucokinases (IPGS) and the coupling system of β-glucoside-PTS permease and glucokinases (GPGS). The products (e.g. lysine, phenylalanine and leucine) will be increased because of the increasing intracellular level of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), while some by-products (e.g. lactic acid, alanine and acetic acid) will be reduced when this system become the main uptake pathway for glucose. In this review, we survey the uptake systems for glucose in C. glutamicum and their composition. Furthermore, we summarize the latest research of the regulatory mechanisms among these glucose uptake systems. Detailed strategies to manipulate glucose uptake system are addressed based on this knowledge. Keywords Corynebacterium glutamicum · Glucose uptake system · Regulatory mechanism · Manipulation strategy
Introduction Corynebacterium glutamicum is a non-pathogenic Grampositive bacterium, which is widely used as workhorse for producing various amino acids in industry (Wang et al. 2019). Since 1984, the research on genetics and metabolism of C. glutamicum has accelerated because of the successful application of tools for genetically modifying C. glutamicum and the DNA sequencing of entire genome of two model strains (i.e., C. glutamicum ATCC13032, Brevibacterium flavum ATCC14067) (Xu et al. 2020). The metabolic engineering strategy for C. glutamicum has been extended from core biosynthetic pathways to central metabolism route, cofactor regeneration systems, energy metabolism, global regulation and material transmembrane transports (Ikeda 2012; Xu et al. 2018). On the other hand, Michiko and Shiio (1987) firstly discovered a system for glucose uptake and phosphorylation in C. glutamicum, and it was named as phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase * Jianzhong Xu [email protected] 1
The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
system (i.e., PTS). At present, the physiological significance and mechanism of glucose uptake systems have been a hot topic in breeding high-productive strain of target products. Glucose has been widely used as raw materials in fermentation industry because of the low price and the ubiquitous effect. The uptake and phosphorylation of glucose in C. glutamicum is mainly throu
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