The hydrobaric effect on cathodically deposited titanium dioxide photocatalyst
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Research Letter
The hydrobaric effect on cathodically deposited titanium dioxide photocatalyst Tso-Fu Mark Chang, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R2-35 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan Wei-Hao Lin, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R2-35 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan Chun-Yi Chen, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R2-35 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan Yung-Jung Hsu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan Masato Sone, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R2-35 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan Address all correspondence to Tso-Fu Mark Chang at [email protected]; Yung-Jung Hsu [email protected] (Received 5 January 2017; accepted 17 March 2017)
Abstract The hydrobaric effect on photoactivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) fabricated by cathodic deposition in an aqueous solution was evaluated in this study. When the applied pressure was increased to 35 MPa, the water-splitting performance was improved by almost fourfold of the performance of the TiO2 prepared at atmospheric pressure. The surface states effect was significant in the deposited TiO2, which was exploited to affect the charges recombination of TiO2, and thereby enhance the resultant photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance. The hydrobaric cathodic deposition could be extended to fabrication of other metal oxides to eliminate the negative influence from the high-temperature process.
Introduction Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the extensively studied photocatalyst, which can be synthesized by various processes, such as physical vapor deposition,[1] chemical vapor deposition,[2] sol–gel,[3] hydrothermal,[4] anodic oxidation,[5] and cathodic deposition.[6–9] The fabrication processes usually involve prolonged reaction time or high-temperature environment. The high-temperature environment is needed because TiO2 synthesized in an aqueous solution is usually amorphous, and an additional heat treatment is needed to improve the crystallinity. Among the various synthetic methods, cathodic deposition provides a relatively simple, low-cost, and low-temperature process for production of TiO2. Similar to electroplating of metallic materials, thin films of TiO2 can be deposited on conductive substrates with complicate surface geometry in an aqueous electrolyte. Such a feasibility of obtaining TiO2 thin films has significant implications in the asp
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