The impact of 3D-printed LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 on L929 cells and human oral fibroblasts
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The impact of 3D-printed LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 on L929 cells and human oral fibroblasts Gunpreet Oberoi 1,2,3 & Sophie Nitsch 1,2 & Klara Janjić 1,2 & Hassan Shokoohi-Tabrizi 1,2 & Andreas Moritz 1,2 & Francesco Moscato 3 & Ewald Unger 3 & Hermann Agis 1,2 Received: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Objectives LAY-FOMM is a promising material for FDA-approved Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) applications in drug delivery. Here we investigated the impact on oral cells. Materials and methods We evaluated the impact of 3D-printed LAY-FOMM 40, LAY-FOMM 60, and biocompatible polylactic acid (PLA) on the activity of murine L929 cells, gingival fibroblasts (GF), and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) using indirect (samples on cells), direct monolayer culture models (cells on samples), and direct spheroid cultures with resazurin-based toxicity assay, confirmed by MTT and Live-dead staining. The surface topography was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Results The materials LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 led to a reduction in resazurin conversion in L929 cells, GF, and PDLF, higher than the impact of PLA in indirect and direct culture models. Fewer vital cells were found in the presence of LAYFOMM 40 and 60 than PLA, in the staining in both models. In the direct model, LAY-FOMM 40 and PLA showed less impact on viability in the resazurin-based toxicity assay than in the indirect model. Spheroid microtissues showed a reduction of cell activity of GF and PDLF with LAY-FOMM 40 and 60. Conclusion Overall, we found that LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 can reduce the activity of L292 and oral cells. Based on the results from the PLA samples, the direct model seems more reliable than the indirect model. Clinical relevance A material modification is desired in terms of biocompatibility as it can mask the effect of drugs and interfere with the function of the 3D-printed device. Keywords 3D printing . Fused deposition modeling . LAY-FOMM 40 and 60 . Oral fibroblasts . Microtissue spheroids . Cytotoxicity . Additive manufacturing
Introduction Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), also termed as Fused Filament Fabrication, invented by Scott Crump in 1989, is an additive manufacturing technology applying heat for processing materials by hot-melt extrusion and injection molding Gunpreet Oberoi and Sophie Nitsch contributed equally to this work. * Hermann Agis [email protected] 1
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
2
Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
3
Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
[1, 2]. It is an efficient, affordable, and easy to implement 3D printing technology allowing the production of personalized devices with acceptable precision [3]. Since the expiry of the patent, the technology has been employed for affordable desktop printers, which
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