The impact of precarious jobs on mental health: a gender-sensitive literature review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
The impact of precarious jobs on mental health: a gender‑sensitive literature review Erika Valero1,2 · Unai Martin1,2 · Amaia Bacigalupe1,2 · Mireia Utzet1,2,3 Received: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to analyse the extent to which research and knowledge production on a key occupational health issue—the impact of precarious employment on health—incorporates, and is sensitive to, a gender perspective. Methods A systematic literature review was carried out to identify studies that analysed the relationship between precarious employment and mental health in the period January 2010–May 2018 through. A minimum of two independent reviewers assessed each article for quality and eligibility. A checklist was used to determine whether the articles included in the review incorporated a gender perspective. Results The search retrieved 1522 papers, of which 54 (corresponding to 53 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Of these 54 papers, 22 (40.7%) stratified the analyses by sex. Only 5.4% of the total of articles both stratified by sex and considered variables of household composition and marital status, while only 33.3% incorporated an intersectional perspective. None considered the distribution of domestic work and only a quarter (25.9%) approached the study and interpreted the results in terms of gender. Conclusion Too few studies researching paid work and health include a gender perspective. This omission necessarily implies a biased interpretation of the reality of precarious employment and its impact on health. Keywords Gender · Mental health · Precarious employment · Review
Introduction Gender inequalities in health may be a consequence of the roles, spaces, and norms that are socially constructed based on the sexual differences between men and women. The position of subordination that these roles and norms impose on women generates gender biases which have perpetuated these inequalities, but the effect of these biases has not Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01605-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mireia Utzet [email protected] 1
Department of Sociology 2, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
2
Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change – Opik, Leioa, Spain
3
Center for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
been adequately reflected in health research. These gender biases are reflected in two main ways: first, the male pattern of health has been taken as the normative reference, and the specific problems of women have been made invisible; second, “women’s health needs” are taken to relate almost exclusively to the sexual and reproductive sphere (Tasa-Vinyals et al. 2015). In some circumstances, specific female life experiences which should not be regarded as pathological have been med
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