Maternal mental health and reproductive outcomes: a scoping review of the current literature
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REVIEW
Maternal mental health and reproductive outcomes: a scoping review of the current literature Caterina Montagnoli1 · Giovanni Zanconato2 · Giulia Cinelli3,4 · Alberto Eugenio Tozzi3 · Chiara Bovo1 · Renata Bortolus5 · Stefania Ruggeri6 Received: 22 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Current data show that maternal mental conditions affect about 10% of pregnant women worldwide. Assessing timing and patterns of mental health illness, therefore, is critical to ensure the wellbeing of the mother, the new-born and the whole family. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest evidence linking maternal mental disorders and adverse reproductive outcomes. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, a literature search was conducted to ascertain the possible impact of mental health conditions on reproductive outcomes before and during pregnancy. The comprehensive strategy included cohort studies, randomised controlled trials and literature reviews on women with Primary Maternal Mental Illness (PMMI) and Secondary Maternal Mental Illness (SMMI) considering periconceptional, obstetric and foetal-neonatal outcomes. PubMed, WoS, CINAHL and Google scholar were used for the search. Cross-referencing in bibliographies of the selected papers ensured wider study capture. Results Evidence linking depressive disorders and infertility among PMMI is weak. Given this, women with prior mental conditions experience additional distress when undergoing fertility treatments. Primary mental disorders may also increase the risk of miscarriage and other pregnancy complications (e.g., gestational diabetes). For SMMI, there is more robust evidence correlating Preterm Birth (PTB) and Low Birth Weight (LBW) with common mental disorders which develop during pregnancy. Conclusion Prevention and management of maternal mental health diseases and minor mental conditions within the first 1000 days’ timeframe, should have a place in the holistic approach to women going through reproductive decisions, infertility treatment and pregnancy. Keywords Maternal mental health · Reproductive outcomes · Maternal-foetal · Neonatal health
* Alberto Eugenio Tozzi [email protected]
1
Department of the Hospital Management, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
Caterina Montagnoli [email protected]
2
Department of Surgery, Odonto‑Stomatology and Maternal and Child Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
Giovanni Zanconato [email protected]
3
Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Giulia Cinelli [email protected]
4
School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Chiara Bovo [email protected]
5
Directorate General for Preventive Health ‑ Office 9, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
Renata Bortolus [email protected]
6
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