The impact of rainfall on groundwater table in Chennai city, India: GIS and wavelet approach
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The impact of rainfall on groundwater table in Chennai city, India: GIS and wavelet approach A. Stanley Raj1 · D. Hudson Oliver2 · Y. Srinivas3 · J. Viswanath4 Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 / Published online: 16 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Rainfall is one of the most complex phenomena occurring on earth to study with extreme and advanced soft computing engine that can perform well with adaptive perception. Here, in this study, an attempt has been made to study the behaviour of rainfall in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, India, using wavelet tool. Wavelet is one of the prominent tools for analysing the data in various ways. One such technique called multiresolution wavelet analysis is implemented here to study the pattern of rainfall in Chennai. This approach applied to the data works well for and can be implemented for complex data. The above approach fits not only to simple data but also for complex data. Rainfall data from 2001 to 2017 have been taken into account for studying the pattern. The influence of change due to groundwater is investigated in different criteria, and future threats posed by climate change are also analysed. The key factors involved in understanding climate change and hydrological regime of groundwater were identified, and the residents of the Chennai locality could plan for better management methodologies, especially for those who are residing in coastal regions of the district. Better management methodologies with recommendations are suggested to attain sustainability in groundwater resources. The research was carried out based on sustainable groundwater managements for 12th plan, submitted to planning commission of India. The reports state that in 2004, 28% of India’s blocks were showing alarmingly high levels of groundwater use. Keywords Rainfall · Wavelet analysis · Chennai · Multiresolution analysis · Groundwater levels
Introduction Climate change invariably affects all parts of the nature in different forms, viz. water, energy, agriculture, forests, landscapes, sea levels, ecology, etc. (U.S. Geological Survey 2007a). for what this brackets().The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Fourth Assessment Report of 2007 proves that change in climate is due to widespread human activities. Ghil (2002) reported that climate variability * A. Stanley Raj [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, India
2
Department of Physics, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, India
3
Centre for GeoTechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
4
Department of Mathematics, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
on different scaling ranges is a hindrance to characterizing the global climatic change from human activities. It is necessary to understand climate variability as it affects the ecosystem and its adverse effects result in complex change of surface
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