The Influence of a Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Polyelectrolyte Capsules with Magnetite Nanoparticles
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MATERIALS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
The Influence of a Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Polyelectrolyte Capsules with Magnetite Nanoparticles I. A. Burmistrova,*, D. B. Trushinaa,b, T. N. Borodinaa,b, M. M. Veselovc, N. L. Klyachkoc, V. B. Zaitsevc, Y. González-Alfarod, and T. V. Bukreevaa,e a Federal
Research Center Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia b Sechenov First State Medical University, Moscow, 119991 Russia c Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia d Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Cuba, CITMA, 17100 Cuba e National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123098 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received December 16, 2019; revised December 16, 2019; accepted February 17, 2020
Abstract—Polyelectrolyte microcapsules have been prepared by successively adsorbing oppositely charged sodium polystyrenesulfonate and polyallylamine hydrochloride molecules on the surface of calcium carbonate colloid particles. Capsule shells have been functionalized using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles to control the localization of microcapsules and penetrability of their shells. The penetrability control of microcapsules by means of a low-frequency nonheating magnetic field is based on magnetomechanical action, which is preferable to magnetic hyperthermia for in vivo applications because of its higher penetrability, locality, and safety. The influence of a pulsed low-frequency (50 Hz) sine-wave magnetic field on the microcapsule shell penetrability for fluorescently labeled dextran molecules has been analyzed. It has been found that the shell penetrability grows with decreasing time between magnetic field pulses, thereby increasing the dextran concentration in the shell. DOI: 10.1134/S1063784220090108
INTRODUCTION The development of means for targeted delivery of drugs by micro- and nanoparticles is a mainstream trend in modern medicine. Unlike conventional drugdelivery systems, targeted delivery makes it possible to raise the therapeutic effect selectivity, reduce cost of treatment, and remove side effects. Much effort has been undertaken to make targeted delivery a reality, including by means of surface modification of carriers by antibodies and other ligands to improve their affinity to target cells [1]. These specific interactions have proved to be effective in vitro; however, nonspecific absorption and clearance in vitro limit their efficiency [2]. An alternative approach involves using physical means, such as external magnetic field, to control the localization and penetrability of carriers. Polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PEMs) obtained by successive adsorption of polyelectrolyte on the surface of colloidal particles seem to be a promising type of carriers [3, 4]. PEMs are widely used to deliver anticancer agents [5], DNA, antigens and enzymes in vitro [6, 7], and vaccines in vivo [8]. Intense research on magnetosensitive PEM has been in progress since the 2000s [9, 10]. In 2005, the accumulation of polymer microcapsules functional-
ized by magnetic nanoparticles (MNP
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