The influence of both Zn 2+ and Ca 2+ on linear and nonlinear optical parameters of some bismuth borate-based glasses
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The influence of both Zn2+ and Ca2+ on linear and nonlinear optical parameters of some bismuth borate‑based glasses Hossam M. Gomaa1 · M. Y. Hassaan2 · H. A. Soudi3 · Ammar S. Morsy1 Received: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 April 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Some bismuth borate glasses containing an equal concentration of both ZnO and CaO were prepared using the fast cooling method, in the air. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared techniques were used to characterize these glasses. All samples showed amorphous natures, with short-range order networks. Introducing of both ZnO and CaO caused BO4 groups to convert to BO3 with an observable decreasing in the molar volume. Linear refractive index decreased with increasing the wavelength of the incident light, while the nonlinear refractive index increased. Linear and nonlinear susceptibilities decreased with introducing ZnO and CaO. Keywords Borate glass · Oxide glass · Linear optics · Nonlinear optics · Refractive index
1 Introduction Amorphous solids specially the oxide glasses over a wide long time have a special consideration because of their applications as a cheap laser’s mediums, optical fiber amplifiers and flat-panel displays [1]. Also, glassy materials contribute in fabrication of many devices such as the optical limiting, switching, optoelectronic and memory devices [1]. In addition they are used in many technological fields like solar cells technology, light-emitting diodes and in the biomedical fields [1, 2]. Recently, inorganic glasses have been considered for the development of optical devices and photonic components because of their easy fabrication and shaping [2]. Additionally, the vitreous materials possess many unique properties such as high transparency and high optical damage threshold. Several researchers have been working extensively on inorganic glasses to achieve strong nonlinear coefficients, which are essential parameters for the utilization of material in nonlinear optical (NLO) devices [1, 2]. * Hossam M. Gomaa [email protected] 1
Optical Branch, High Institute of Optics Technology, Cairo, Egypt
2
Physics Department, Faculty of Science (Males Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
3
Physics Department, Faculty of Science (Females Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
In particular, glasses containing bismuth oxide attract much attention because of their high refractive indices and large transmission window in the visible and near infrared. They are also very stable and moisture resistant. The presence of bismuth oxide in borate, phosphate, germinates, and tellurite glasses has been investigated [3]. Some metal oxides like Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, ZnO, etc., can be employed as good stabilizers when introduced into the P2O5 network leading to a noticeable increase in the chemical durability of phosphate glasses [2, 3]. However, ZnO is well considered as a good modifier to enhance the chemical stability of phosphate glasses since Zn2+ ions produce appropria
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