Salicylic Acid and Phospholipid Signaling
Salicylic acid (SA) signaling has been associated with phospholipids and the enzymes that metabolize them. However, despite studies conducted by other research groups, the role of SA signaling via phospholipids in plant responses to phytoregulators is not
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Salicylic Acid and Phospholipid Signaling Beatriz A. Rodas-Junco, J. Armando Muñoz-Sánchez and S. M. Teresa Hernández-Sotomayor
Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) signaling has been associated with phospholipids and the enzymes that metabolize them. However, despite studies conducted by other research groups, the role of SA signaling via phospholipids in plant responses to phytoregulators is not yet fully understood. The signal transduction pathway involves the generation of secondary messengers, through the enzymes such as phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD). The signaling pathway of SA was evaluated in different models of plants, where it was observed that this compound regulates enzymatic activities to generate a rapid cellular response. In this chapter, we review the important aspects of the relationship of the SA effects with phospholipid signal transduction and cellular responses to this component.
Keywords Salicylic acid Phospholipases Phytoregulators Signal transduction
1 Introduction Salicylic acid (SA) is an important endogenous signaling molecule in plant defense, which occurs in response to various types of biotic and abiotic stress (Malamy and Klessing 1992; Janda et al. 1999). Studies have shown that SA is a regulator of several plant physiological processes and is essential in the expression of some defense genes (Raskin et al. 1990). Phytoregulators, such as SA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), are also used as elicitors for the production of some secondary metabolites in different plant species. The term elicitor means a biotic or B. A. Rodas-Junco J. Armando Muñoz-Sánchez S. M. Teresa Hernández-Sotomayor (&) Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43#130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico e-mail: [email protected]
S. Hayat et al. (eds.), Salicylic Acid, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6428-6_3, Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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abiotic agent that can trigger a physiological and morphological process in plants (Zhao et al. 2005). The use of elicitors may facilitate the study of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in cell suspensions and cell lines that produce only trace amounts of these compounds. An elicitor can increase the amount of metabolites through the regulation of the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis (Ramani and Chellilah 2007; Nieto-Pelayo 2006; Babar Ali et al. 2007; DiCosmo and Misawa 1985). The mode of action of the elicitors has been studied, and the results indicate that the elicitors interact with receptors on the plant plasma membrane and thus trigger signal transduction mechanisms to promote plant defense. These compounds will lead to the activation of genes that code for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (Ramani and Chellilah 2007). As part of the response of the plant to the phytoregulator signaling, some signal transduction mechanisms are linked to phospholipids. In the transduction of signals that are gen
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