The Is-Ought Problem An Investigation in Philosophical Logic
Can OUGHT be derived from IS? This book presents an investigation of this time-honored problem by means of alethic-deontic predicate logic. New in this study is the leitmotif of relevance: is-ought inferences indeed exist, but they are all irrelevant in a
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TRENDS IN LOGIC
Studia Logica Library VOLUME I
Managing Editor Ryszard W6jcicki, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Editors Petr Hajek, Institute of Computer Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic David Makinson, Ville d' Avray, France Daniele Mundici, Department of Computer Sciences, University of Milan, Italy Krister Segerberg, Department of Philosophy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Alasdair Urquhart, Department of Philosophy, University of Toronto, Canada Assistant Editor Jacek Malinowski, Box 61, UPT 00-953, Warszawa 37, Poland
SCOPE OF THE SERIES
Trends in Logic is a bookseries covering essentially the same area as the journal Studia Logica - that is, contemporary formal logic and its applications and relations to other disciplines. These include artificial intelligence, informatics, cognitive science, philosophy of science, and the philosophy of language. However, this list is not exhaustive, moreover, the range of applications, comparisons and sources of inspiration is open and evolves over time.
GERHARD SCHURZ Department of Philosophy, University of Salzburg, Austria
THE IS-OUGHT PROBLEM An Investigation in Philosophical Logic
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-4795-3 ISBN 978-94-017-3375-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3375-5
Printed on acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved © 1997 Springer Science+-Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.6 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.8 1.9 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
2.5 2.6
PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND AND PROGRAM OF THE STUDY The Is-Ought-Problem and its Significance Choice of an Adequate Logical Framework Distinction between Descriptive and Nonnative among the Primitive Symbols Difficulties in the Explication of Hume's Thesis: Prior's Paradox In which Logics Shall Hume's Thesis Be Investigated? Reflections on the Concept of "Logic" "Logic" in the Mathematical and Philosophical Sense: Reflections on the Logic-Analytic-Synthetic Distinction Varieties of Modal Logics and their Philosophical Importance Logics without Bridge Principles: Program and Survey of Results The Question of Bridge Principles On the Relation between the Logical and the Semantic IsOught Problem The Open Question Argument and Its Limitations The Is-Ought Problem in the Philosophically Extended Sense A Short Summary of the Plan of the Book THE LOGICAL BACKGROUND: A.D. I-LOGICS Language The Fonnalization of Natural Language in :l Semantics Representation and Axiomatization 2.4.1 The Minimal a.d.1-logic Kadl - 42, 2.4.2 Nonnal Extensions o
