The Many Scales in the Universe JENAM 2004 Astrophysics Reviews

The book gathers the invited talks to the XIII JENAM conference, organized this time by the European Astronomical Society (EAS) and the Spanish Astronomical Society (SEA), and hosted by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC). All branches of ast

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Edited by J.C. del Toro Iniesta, E.J. Alfaro, J.G. Gorgas, E. Salvador-Solé and H. Butcher

THE MANY SCALES IN THE UNIVERSE

The Many Scales in the Universe JENAM 2004 Astrophysics Reviews

Edited by

J.C. DEL TORO INIESTA Instituto de Astrof ísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Spain

E.J. ALFARO Instituto de Astrof ísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Spain

J.G. GORGAS Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

E. SALVADOR-SOLÉ Universitat de Barcelona, Spain and

H. BUTCHER ASTRON, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13

1-4020-4351-1 (HB) 978-1-4020-4351-2 (HB) 1-4020-4526-3 (e-book) 978-1-4020-4526-4 (e-book)

Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands.

Contents

Preface

xi

Committees

xv 1

The Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies: Open Problems Enrique Martínez-González and Patricio Vielva 1 Introduction 2 CMB temperature anisotropies 3 Polarization 4 Cosmological parameters 5 Cosmological constraints 6 Open problems Acknowledgments

2 4 8 9 11 17 20

References

21

The Gravitational Lensing Effect in Cosmology Genevieve Soucail 1 Basics of gravitational lensing 2 Strong lensing in clusters of galaxies 3 From weak lensing to masses 4 The cosmic shear or lensing by large scale structures 5 Conclusions

25 25 27 30 32 33

References

34

The PLANCK Mission J.A. Tauber 1 Introduction 2 Payload 3 Programmatic aspects 4 Scientific performance 5 Mission profile 6 Operations and data processing

35

Acknowledgments

42

References

43

35 36 36 38 40 42

vi

THE MANY SCALES IN THE UNIVERSE

Surveys of Extragalactic Sources with Planck G. De Zotti, C. Burigana, M. Negrello, S. Tinti, R. Ricci, L. Silva, J González-Nuevo. and L. Toffolatti 1 Introduction 2 Power spectra of foreground emissions 3 30 GHz counts 4 350 GHz counts 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments

45

References

53

New Physics in Clusters of Galaxies M. Douspis 1 Introduction 2 The concordance model 3 Dark matter 4 The amplitude of fluctuations 5 Summary

55 55 56 60 61 67

Acknowledgments

68

References

68

Emission Line Galaxies in Clusters Bianca M. Poggianti 1 Introduction 2 High redshift 3 Physical processes 4 Low redshift 5 Trends with galaxy mass and downsizing effect 6 Conclusions and speculations

71 71 72 76 77 80 80

Acknowledgments

83

References

84

Active Galactic Nuclei and Surveys: the View from the New X-ray Observatories X. Barcons 1 Introduction 2 The inner disk: Fe line diagnostics 3 The circumnuclear en