The New Theory of Reference Kripke, Marcus, and Its Origins
On January 20th, 22nd, and 29th, 1970 Saul Kripke delivered three lectures at Princeton University. They produced something of a sensation. In the lectures he argued, amongst other things, that many names in ordinary language referred to objects directly
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SYNTHESE LIBRARY STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Managing Editor: JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University
Editors: DIRK V AN DALEN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands DONALD DAVIDSON, University of California, Berkeley THEO A.F. KUIPERS, University ofGroningen, The Netherlands PATRICK SUPPES, Stanford University, California JAN WOLEN-SKI, Jagielionian University, KrakOw, Poland
THE NEW THEORY OF REFERENCE: KRIPKE, MARCUS, AND ITS ORIGINS Edited by
PAUL W. HUMPHREYS University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U S.A.
and JAMES H. FETZER University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, US.A .
.....
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SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.
ISBN 978-0-7923-5578-6 ISBN 978-94-011-5250-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5250-1
Printed on acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 No part ofthis publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, inc1uding photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permis sion from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAUL W. HUMPHREYS and JAMES H. FETZER / Introduction
vii
PART I: THE APA EXCHANGE 1.
QUENTIN SMITH / Marcus, Kripke, and the Origin of the New Theory of Reference
3
2.
SCOTT SOAMES / Revisionism about Reference: A Reply to Smith
13
3.
QUENTIN SMITH / Marcus and the New Theory of Reference: A Reply to Scott Soames
37
PART II: REPLIES 4.
SCOTT SOAMES / More Revisionism about Reference
65
5.
JOHN P. BURGESS / Marcus, Kripke, and Names
89
6.
JOHN P. BURGESS / How Not to Write History of Philosophy: A Case Study
125
QUENTIN SMITH / Direct, Rigid Designation and A Posteriori Necessity: A History and Critique
137
7.
PART III: HISTORICAL ORIGINS 8. 9.
DAGFINN F0LLESDAL / Referential Opacity and Modal Logic, §§ 16-19
181
STEN LINDSTROM / An Exposition and Development of Kanger's Early Semantics for Modal Logic 203
10. QUENTIN SMITH / A More Comprehensive History ofthe New Theory of Reference
235
Name Index
285
Subject Index
287 v
PAUL W. HUMPHREYS AND JAMES H. FETZER
INTRODUCTION
On January 20th, 22nd, and 29th, 1970 Saul Kripke delivered three lectures at Princeton University. They produced something of a sensation. In the lectures he argued, amongst other things, that many names in ordinary language referred to objects directly rather than by means of associated descriptions; that causal chains from language user to language user were an important mechanism for preserving reference; that there were necessary a posteriori and contingent a priori truths; that identity relations between rigid designators were necessary; and argued, more tentatively, that materialist identity theories in the philosophy of mind were suspect. Interspersed with this was a considerable amount of material on natural kind ter
