The optimal whole body vibration frequency effects on postural responses in soccer players
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The optimal whole body vibration frequency effects on postural responses in soccer players Giovanni Fiorilli1 · Enzo Iuliano2 · Arrigo Giombini3 · Maurizio Casasco4 · Federica Fagnani3 · Federico Quinzi3 · Andrea Buonsenso1 · Fabio Pigozzi3 · Alessandra di Cagno3,5 · Giuseppe Calcagno1 Received: 18 July 2019 / Accepted: 27 January 2020 © Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose To verify if pre-performance vibration exposure could negatively affect the postural control in soccer players. Methods Twenty-eight participants, 12 male soccer players (aged 22.4 ± 1.0 years) and 16 sedentary males (aged 26.8 ± 2.7 years), underwent two test sessions: in the first one, the optimal vibration frequency (OVF) was determined for each participant, and in the second one, postural sways, with open and closed eyes, were assessed at baseline, immediately, 10, 20 min after the WBV exposure. The vibration exposure consisted in five sets of 1 min each one, at OVF, with 1-min rest between each set. Results The elliptical area, containing the 95% of the centre of pressure (COP), displacements (AREA), the total linear distance covered by the COP (LENGTH), the average distance between the assessed COP position and the ideal COP position (AV-DIST) and variance of speed of the COP displacements (VAR-SPEED), have been analysed. RM-ANOVA did not show significant differences among the times of assessment. Significant differences in all the dependent variables, between the groups, especially in closed eyes condition, were found. Athletes with closed eyes showed a significantly smaller COP AREA (p = 0.00004), minor AV-DIST (p = 0.0001), which are good indicators of an optimal postural control. Conclusion An acute bout of WBV at the OVF did not modify the COP parameters and may be used before the performance, with no side effect on balance. Athletes have developed a postural strategy on non-visual afferent inputs that could be enhanced by the WBV chronic exposure. Keywords Training · Postural control · Warm-up · Balance · Football
Introduction Vibration is a mechanical stimulus characterized by an oscillatory motion, and the biomechanical parameters, determining its intensity, are the amplitude, frequency, and magnitude * Alessandra di Cagno [email protected] 1
Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis 1, Campobasso, Italy
2
Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
3
Department of Movement Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza L de Bosis, 15, Rome, Italy
4
Italian Sport Medicine Federation, Rome, Italy
5
Sport Medicine Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 6, 00197 Rome, Italy
of the oscillations [1]. The whole body vibration (WBV) frequency plays an important role in the effectiveness of neuromuscular activation [2, 3]. The ideal combination frequency–amplitude, ranged between 10 and 5
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