The Phonemes of English A Phonemic Study of the Vowels and Consonant
I gladly take this opportunity to convey my heartfelt thanks to those who have guided me on my way as an undergraduate and who have enabled me through their teachings and friendly advice to proceed to preparing for this doctorate thesis. I should like fir
- PDF / 13,101,948 Bytes
- 140 Pages / 453.543 x 680.315 pts Page_size
- 28 Downloads / 191 Views
THE PHONEMES OF ENGLISH A PHONEMIC STUDY OF THE VOWELS AND CONSONANTS OF STANDARD ENGLISH.
by
ANTONIE COHEN
THIRD PRINTING
•
MARTINUS NIJHOFF - THE HAGUE - 1971
First printing 1952 Second printing 1965 Third printing 1971 ISBN-13: 978-90-247-0639-6 001: 10.1007/978-94-010-2969-8
e-ISBN: 978-94-010-2969-8
©1971 by Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form
CONTENTS Page
Preface
VIII
Preface to the second printing
x
Chapter I.
1
INTRODUCTION C hap t e r II. PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH PHONEMIC ANALYSIS
I. Fundamental Points
2.
3.
4.
5.
a. Linguistics as an autonomous science b. Phonetics and Phonemics c. Diachronic v. synchronic method d. Structural relationship between sounds Significant Function of Sounds a. The word as a basic unit b. Phonemes c. Commutation Test d. The significant function of place. e. The problem of [hi and [ui . f. "Phoneticism": mono- or biphonematic interpretation. Phonemes and their Interrelations a. Identification of the word form . b. Pattern phenomena c. Are phonemes only opposing entities? . d. Martinet's conception of distinctive qualities. e. Neutralization, archiphoneme . The Positive factor in the Habitus of the Phoneme Consonant and Vowel Phonemes a. How to distinghuish them. b. How to classify them
14 14 14 16 17 18 18 18 19 20 22 23 24 27 27 28 29 30 35 36 37 37 40
C hap t e rIll. Page
THE CONSONANT PHONEMES OF ENGLISH.
42
A. INVENTORY
1. 'Plosives' 2. 'Affricates' . a. Is [d3} one or two phonemes? . h. Is [3} a phoneme of English? 3. 'Nasals' and 'Laterals' . . a. The special nature of [V} h. Clear and dark [I} 4. 'Fricatives' . a. The special nature of [r} h. The special nature of [hI 5. 'Semi·Vowels' .
42 43 43 45
46 46 48 48 49 49
51
B. CLASSIFICATION
1. Synchronic v. Diachronic Method 2. The Problem of Foreign Words 3. Initial Clusters .. . a. The problem of iii . . . . h. The interpretation of voiceless [fl} c. The interpretation of voiceless [m} • . • • . d. Consonants appearing as first aiul second members e. Consonants appearing as first members only • f. C~nsonants appearing as second members only • g. Triphonematic clusters • • • • 4. Final Clusten ... ... . • a. Is. the syllable- a phonemic element in English? h. Biphonematic clusters . c. Triphonematic clusters • d. Quadriphonematic clusters 5. Medial Clusten 6. Corollary Position Table Table of Consonant Combinations: Initial clusters • Final clusters..
52 54 56 56 58 58 59 60 60
60
61 62
65
69 69 69 70 72
73
74
Chapter IV. Page
75 75 75
THE VOWEL PHONEMES OF ENGLISH. 1. The so·called 'Short' of 'Checked' Vowels a. Is [a] a phoneme? h. Is [u} a phoneme? 2. Long versus Short a. Chroneme theory • h. Are length differences relevant? c. Are 'long' and 'short' correlated? • d. 'Silbenschnitt' • e. Other approaches . 3. 'Long' Vowels 4. Diphthongs a. Some earlier interpretations h. lei} and foul c. [ail and [au} d. [ai} • e. {ju:} • , • , • 5. 'Centring Diphthongs' a. One or
Data Loading...
