The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran Pastoral Nationalism
This book looks at Kurdish Nationalism in Iran and examines the links between the structural changes in the Kurdish economy and its political demands. Farideh Koohi-Kamali argues that the transition of the nomadic, tribal society of Kurdistan to an agrari
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The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran Pastoral Nationalism Farideh Koohi-Kamali Department of Social Sciences, New School University, New York
Q Farideh Koohi-Kamali 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003 978-0-333-73169-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. MacmillanT is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-40671-5 ISBN 978-0-230-53572-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230535725 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Koohi-Kamali, Farideh, 1949– The political development of the Kurds in Iran: pastoral nationalism/ Farideh Koohi-Kamali. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Kurds–Iran–History–20th century. 2. Kurds–Political activity. 3. Kurdistan–Politics and government. I. Title DS269.K87K66 2003 955’.00491591–dc21 2003053648 10 9 8 12 11 10
7 6 5 4 3 09 08 07 06 05
2 1 04 03
To Robert & Feri
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Contents List of Tables
ix
List of Maps
x
Preface
xi
Maps
xii
Introduction
1
1
The Kurds and Kurdistan Introduction A brief background to Kurdish national history The Kurds in Iran
24 24 28 31
2
The Political Economy of Kurdish Tribalism Introduction Kurdish tribes in the early decades of the twentieth century Why tribes settle Sedentarization The economic impact Sedentarization in Iranian Kurdistan Change Differentiation and new groups Continuity Conclusion
44 44 45 49 50 53 55 58 59 62 65
3
Nationalism or Tribalism? Simko’s Revolt Introduction Tribes and the state in Iran Kurdish tribal development up to the twentieth century Tribes and the non-tribal population Emergence of Pan-Islamism and nationalism in the region Simko’s revolt What were Simko’s motives
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