The Relationship of Urban Expansion, Landscape Patterns and Ecological Processes in Denizli, Turkey
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The Relationship of Urban Expansion, Landscape Patterns and Ecological Processes in Denizli, Turkey Sermin Tagil1 • Sevgi Gormus2 • Serhat Cengiz3 Received: 13 February 2017 / Accepted: 22 January 2018 Ó Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2018
Abstract Perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage and attrition in ecosystems take place due to urbanization. In this study, where and when temporal and spatial heterogeneity occurs is tried to be explained by taking human intervention in landscape pattern and processes in and around the city of Denizli into account and how this heterogeneity affects habitat conditions within the scope of landscape ecology. Landscape pattern metrics were estimated in order to reveal the change in habitats and present the properties of the landscape. 30 pattern indicators on class and pattern levels, which are important to show human–environment interaction, were analyzed in order to indicate the features of the landscape such as area, side, shape and dispersion. To this end, LANDSAT TM/7–ETM/8-OLI satellite images of 1987 and 2013 were classified for laying the foundations of the analysis. Analyses showed that between 1987 and 2013, complicated shape features, increase in edge habitats, de-growth in core areas and eventually fragmentation in landscape have been dominant. Heterogenic structure in landscape has increased. This points not to the self-functioning of the landscape, but to the domination of human intervention over the landscape. Particularly, due to urban growth and sprawl, fragmentation, isolation and habitat loss in croplands have increased. This study sets forth the usefulness of remote sensing, GIS and landscape metrics in understanding how urban dynamics and ecosystems change in developing urban politics. Keywords Denizli Pattern metrics Habitat fragmentation Urbanization Landscape ecology
Introduction More than half of the world’s population live in urban areas, and it is thought according to predictions that the ratio of the population likely to live in urban areas will increase even more in the future. Housing rate is rapidly increasing in parallel with the population in urban areas and urban sprawl appears as the most important problem in planning especially in developing countries. While the & Sermin Tagil [email protected] & Sevgi Gormus [email protected] 1
Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Balikesir University, Cagis Campus, 1045 Balikesir, Turkey
2
Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Forestry, Bartın University, 74100 Bartın, Turkey
3
Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Fine Arts and Design, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
rapid transformation in cities due to increased demand leads to various ecological problems, urban planners need new techniques to find solutions to these problems or minimize the effects of these problems. Landscape metrics are used as important tools to understand the effect of urban sprawl using landscape ecology approaches. The influence of socio-e
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