Impacts of invasive trees on alpha and beta diversity of temperate forest understories
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Impacts of invasive trees on alpha and beta diversity of temperate forest understories Marcin K. Dyderski
. Andrzej M. Jagodzin´ski
Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Despite good recognition of distributions and spread mechanisms of the three most invasive trees in Europe (Prunus serotina, Quercus rubra and Robinia pseudoacacia), their impacts on forest biodiversity are unevenly recognized. Most studies cover only taxonomic alpha diversity, and only a single study included functional and phylogenetic diversity. Using a set of 186 study plots in western Poland we assessed the impacts of these invasive tree species on the alpha and beta taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of understory vascular plants. Alpha diversity was higher in R. pseudoacacia forests and lower in Q. rubra forests compared to mature native forests. Compared to non-invaded plantations and forests, alpha diversity was higher in P. sylvestris plantations invaded by P. serotina, but lower in invaded nutrient-poor P. sylvestris forests. Alien
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02367-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. K. Dyderski (&) A. M. Jagodzin´ski Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Ko´rnik, Poland e-mail: [email protected] A. M. Jagodzin´ski Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznan´ University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznan´, Poland
species richness was higher and beta diversity was lower in forests invaded by P. serotina or R. pseudoacacia than in non-invaded forests. In contrast, beta diversity was higher in Q. rubra forests than in native forests. We proved that invaded forests differed from non-invaded forests in species composition, but not always with decreased alpha and beta diversity. Impacts of particular invasive species also depended on the reference ecosystem properties (here mature native forests, which did not always have the highest biodiversity), which is a source of inconsistency in previous studies, usually referring to single native ecosystem types. Keywords Phylogenetic pairwise distance Functional richness Exotic trees Biodiversity Species richness Biotic homogenization Ecoevolutionary naivety
Introduction Invasive alien species are considered one of the most important threats to native biodiversity (Richardson 1998; Mack et al. 2000; Vila` et al. 2011). However, impacts of particular invasive species differ with invader quantity (Kumschick et al. 2015; Pearse et al. 2019), the ability for habitat transformation (Corenblit et al. 2014; Aerts et al. 2017; Castro-Dı´ez et al. 2019)
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and recipient community susceptibility to invasion (Lonsdale 1999; Davis et al. 2000). Therefore, both ecological success and imp
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