The rise and fall of photosynthesis: hormetic dose response in plants
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The rise and fall of photosynthesis: hormetic dose response in plants Evgenios Agathokleous1
Received: 13 September 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The recent recognition that low doses of herbicides, human and veterinary antibiotics, metallic elements, micro/nano-plastics, and various other types of environmental pollutants widely enhance chlorophylls in the framework of hormesis created the need to further evaluate the response of photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange to low doses of stresses. An analysis of about 370 values of maximum stimulatory response (MAX; percentage of control response, %) of chlorophylls in higher plants, algae and duckweeds, and other photosynthesizing organisms, mined from published literatures, revealed a greater MAX for higher plants (median = 139.2%) compared to algae and duckweeds (median = 119.6%). However, an analysis of about 50 Four original papers traced after this paper was accepted for publication report data suppoting the views presented herein (Adamakis et al.2020; de Alkimin et al. 2020; dos Santos et al. 2020; Sharma et al. 2020). Project funding: This work was supported by the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, China (Grant No. 003080). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com.
mined values of MAX of carotenoids revealed no significant difference in the median MAX between higher plants (median = 133.0%) and algae-duckweeds (median = 138.1%). About 70 mined values of MAX were also concentrated for photosynthetic rate (median MAX = 129.2%) and stomatal conductance (median MAX = 124.7%) in higher plants. Within higher plants, there was no significant difference in the median MAX among chlorophylls, carotenoids, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the median MAX between chlorophylls and carotenoids of pooled algae and duckweeds. The results suggest that the MAX is typically below 160% and as a rule below 200% of control response, and does not differ among chlorophylls, carotenoids, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance. New research programs with improved experimental designs, in terms of number and spacing of doses within the “low-dose zone” of the hormetic dose–response relationship, are needed to study the molecular/genetic mechanisms underpinning the low-dose stimulation of photosynthesis and its ecological implications. Keywords Dose–response relationship · Environmental stresses · Hormesis · Photosynthesis · Low-dose stimulation
Corresponding editor: Yu Lei. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-020-01252-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Evgenios Agathokleous [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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