The rise and fall of Vicia calcarata Desf.
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NOTES ON NEGLECTED & UNDERUTILIZED CROPS
The rise and fall of Vicia calcarata Desf. Karl Hammer . Gaetano Laghetti . Rita Accogli . Velimir Radic´ . Branko Milosˇevic´ . Aleksandar Mikic´
Received: 11 January 2020 / Accepted: 22 August 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The chief subject of this brief overview is a vetch species, once distinguished as Vicia calcarata Desf. and currently regarded as V. monantha Retz. subsp. triflora (Ten.) B. L. Burtt & P. Lewis, but we prefer to distinguish this taxon at species level as Vicia calcarata. It is a volunteer plant occurring regularly on ruderal sites in the local floras of the coastal and maritime areas of the Mediterranean Basin, and sporadically happens to be cultivated in fields. It has a more robust growth habit than V. monantha subsp. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-01004-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. K. Hammer Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
monantha, with usually three flowers per peduncle and larger seeds, rather constant morphological traits. In situ and on-farm observations on V. calcarata are scarce, relating mostly to the southern mainland of Italy and its islands, Spain, North Africa and Syria, where it is found in forests, grasslands, wheat fields, ruderal soils and along roadsides. On a global scale, there are 91 accessions of V. calcarata in six ex situ genebank collections in Alcala´ de Henares, Bari, Beirut, Gatersleben, Sadovo and St. Petersburg. In a series of ex situ field trials in Novi Sad, twelve accessions of V. calcarata produced average yields of 6.3 t ha-1 of forage dry matter and 1100 kg ha-1 of seed. There are promising perspectives for developing A. Mikic´ (&) Novi Sad, Serbia e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
K. Hammer ¨ kologische Agrarwissenschaften, Universita¨t Kassel, O Witzenhausen, Germany G. Laghetti Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Bari, Italy R. Accogli University of Salento, Lecce, Italy V. Radic´ B. Milosˇevic´ Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Genet Resour Crop Evol
cultivars of V. calcarata, since the available divergence offers a solid basis for crop improvement. After a long fall, a novel rise of V. calcarata is yet to come. Keywords Crop wild relatives Ecogeography In situ expeditions Ex situ collections On-farm research Taxonomy Underutilised crop Vicia calcarata Vicia monantha subsp. triflora Yield evaluation
Introduction Vetch (Vicia L.) is one of the richest genera within the plant family of Leguminosae Juss. (syn. Fabaceae Lindl.), comprising over 170 species (Pakravan et al. 2016). It is a member of the tribe Fabeae Rchb. (syn. Vicieae Bronn.), together with Lathyrus L., Lens Mill., Pisum L. and Vavilovia Fed. (Han et al. 2017). Numerous phylogenetic researches, assisted
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