The Synthesis and Self-Assembly Studies of Two Bioactive BMP-7 Short Peptides Modified Rosette Nanotubes for Bone Tissue
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The Synthesis and Self-Assembly Studies of Two Bioactive BMP-7 Short Peptides Modified Rosette Nanotubes for Bone Tissue Engineering Alaaeddin Alsbaiee, Mounir El Bakkari, and Hicham Fenniri1,2* 1 National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, T6G 2M9, Canada. 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2M9, Canada. ABSTRACT Bone fractures are one of the most common bone complications. In more severe cases, bone fixation is accomplished using titanium (Ti) implant materials. Unfortunately, the need for revision surgery often arises due to implant loosening and/or deterioration of the implant/bone interface. Rosette nanotubes (RNTs) are a class of self-assembled organic materials obtained through the self-assembly of a guanine-cytosine hybrid base (G∧C motif). These organic materials have been found to increase osteoblast (bone forming cells) adhesion and hydroxyapatite deposition (bone regeneration) on titanium implants as well as on engineered hydrogels. In order to increase the bioactivity of RNTs to enhance bone cell function on Ti implants, two RNT motifs functionalized with different bioactive deca-peptides (A, B) chosen from the knuckle region of bone morphogenic proteins-7 (BMP-7) were synthesized. Their selfassembly process was investigated in water using UV-Vis and SEM techniques. INTRODUCTION Titanium and its alloys are the most commonly used metallic implant materials for bone fracture treatment and fixation [1,2]. Because Ti implants are not physiological fixation devices however, implant loosening and failure of the artificial joint raises the need for revision surgery, which causes severe pain to the patient and is very costly [3]. Organic and inorganic coatings with natural components of living bone are thus required in order to establish a physiological transition between the non-physiological titanium and the physiological bone tissue [4,5]. This coating will enhance the biocompatibility, decrease the inflammation, and increase the lifetime of the implant. Nanostructured bioactive materials in particular, are receiving considerably more attention for medical device coatings because of their resilient nature, capacity for high performance, and their nanoscale scaffolds that mimic bone tissue components in dimensions [68]. Bone Morphogenic Proteins (BMPs) are natural growth factors produced by bone cells, which promote the formation and generation of bone and cartilage. They are among the most important anabolic factors with pivotal roles in the regulation of bone induction, maintenance and repair. BMPs for instance, are currently being used in implantology as coating materials prior to implant insertion to increase the osteointegration rate [9]. BMPs have several hundred amino acids, making them too large and complex to chemically functionalize onto nanostructured materials. A recent in-vitro study has shown that three short deca-peptides (peptide-(A); SNVILKKYRN, peptide-(B); KPSSAPTQLN and peptide-(C); KAISVLYFDDS) chosen from the knuckle region (bioactive area) of BMP-7 resul
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