The Thermodynamic Machinery of Life

Living organisms are open thermodynamic systems whose functional structure has developed and been kinetically frozen during the historical process of biological evolution. A thermodynamics of both nonequilibrium and complex systems is needed for their des

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the frontiers collection Series Editors: D. Dragoman M. Dragoman A.C. Elitzur M.P. Silverman J. Tuszynski H.D. Zeh The books in this collection are devoted to challenging and open problems at the forefront of modern science, including related philosophical debates. In contrast to typical research monographs, however, they strive to present their topics in a manner accessible also to scientifically literate non-specialists wishing to gain insight into the deeper implications and fascinating questions involved. Taken as a whole, the series reflects the need for a fundamental and interdisciplinary approach to modern science. Furthermore, it is intended to encourage active scientists in all areas to ponder over important and perhaps controversial issues beyond their own speciality. Extending from quantum physics and relativity to entropy, consciousness and complex systems – the Frontiers Collection will inspire readers to push back the frontiers of their own knowledge.

Information and Its Role in Nature By J. G. Roederer

Mind, Matter and Quantum Mechanics By H. Stapp

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Quantum Mechanics and Gravity By M. Sachs

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Extreme Events in Nature and Society Edited by S. Albeverio, V. Jentsch, H. Kantz

Life – As a Matter of Fat The Emerging Science of Lipidomics By O. G. Mouritsen

The Thermodynamic Machinery of Life By M. Kurzynski

Quantum–Classical Analogies By D. Dragoman and M. Dragoman

The Emerging Physics of Consciousness Edited by J. A. Tuszynski

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Weak Links Stabilizers of Complex Systems from Proteins to Social Networks By P. Csermely

Michal Kurzynski

THE THERMODYNAMIC MACHINERY OF LIFE

With 193 Figures and 8 Tables

123

Prof. Michal Kurzynski Adam Mickiewicz University Faculty of Physics Umultowska 85 61-614 Poznan, Poland e-mail: [email protected]

Series Editors: Prof. Daniela Dragoman University of Bucharest, Physics Faculty, Solid State Chair, PO Box MG-11, 76900 Bucharest, Romania email: [email protected]

Prof. Mircea Dragoman National Research and Development Institute in Microtechnology, PO Box 38-160, 023573 Bucharest, Romania email: [email protected]

Prof. Avshalom C. Elitzur Bar-Ilan University, Unit of Interdisciplinary Studies, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel email: [email protected]

Prof. Mark P. Silverman Department of Physics, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 06106, USA email: [email protected]

Prof. Jack Tuszynski University of Alberta, Department of Physics, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J1, Canada email: [email protected]

Prof. H. Dieter Zeh University of Heidelberg, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Philosophenweg 19, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany email: [email protected] Cover figure: The cover image shows a detail of a visualization of metastable molecular conformations