The unexplored bacterial lifestyle on leaf surface
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ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY - REVIEW
The unexplored bacterial lifestyle on leaf surface Marta A. Moitinho 1,2 & Danilo T. Souza 3 & Josiane B. Chiaramonte 1,2 & Laura Bononi 1,2 & Itamar S. Melo 1 & Rodrigo G. Taketani 2,4 Received: 11 September 2019 / Accepted: 25 April 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2020
Abstract Social interactions impact microbial communities and these relationships are mediated by small molecules. The chemical ecology of bacteria on the phylloplane environment is still little explored. The harsh environmental conditions found on leaf surface require high metabolic performances of the bacteria in order to survive. That is interesting both for scientific fields of prospecting natural molecules and for the ecological studies. Important queries about the bacterial lifestyle on leaf surface remain not fully comprehended. Does the hostility of the environment increase the populations’ cellular altruism by the production of molecules, which can benefit the whole community? Or does the reverse occur and the production of molecules related to competition between species is increased? Does the phylogenetic distance between the bacterial populations influence the chemical profile during social interactions? Do phylogenetically related bacteria tend to cooperate more than the distant ones? The phylloplane contains high levels of yet uncultivated microorganisms, and understanding the molecular basis of the social networks on this habitat is crucial to gain new insights on the ecology of the mysterious community members due to interspecies molecular dependence. Here, we review and discuss what is known about bacterial social interactions and their chemical lifestyle on leaf surface. Keywords Leaf surface . Microbial community . Social interaction . Chemical ecology
Introduction In the social context, ecological relationships are shaped by the behaviour of an organism in response to an interaction
Responsible Editor: Ieda Carvalho Mendes. * Rodrigo G. Taketani [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, EMBRAPA Environment, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, SP 340, Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, São Paulo 13820-000, Brazil
2
College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
3
Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Applied Natural Products Chemistry; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
4
CETEM, Centre for Mineral Technology, MCTIC Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-908, Brazil
with another organism, which is strongly influenced by the environmental conditions in which they are found [1]. Microorganisms in a community are linked in a social network that can vary regarding strength and type, and this dynamic affects the ecology and e
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