The Vacuum-based Brake Booster for the Next Decade of Mobility
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The Vacuum-based Brake Booster for the Next Decade of Mobility
Over the past 65 years, the vacuum-based brake booster has continuously evolved to meet the needs of the automotive industry. With electrification, digitization and automation, the next step in this ongoing evolution will be the development of fully networked intelligent products. Based on the integrative EC70i approach, Pierburg has succeeded in taking the vacuumoperated brake booster into the next decade thanks to an electronically commuted vacuum system.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Vacuum-based brake boosting has been around since the 1950s, when its introduction in the premium segment constituted a technical revolution [1]. To begin with, all that was necessary to create the vacuum was a connection to the engine’s intake
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manifold. In the 1960s, a Mechanical Vacuum Pump (MVP) was introduced in order to let diesel-powered vehicles without throttles benefit from vacuumbased brake boosters. The turn of the millennium witnessed the arrival of the MVP with Valvetronic variable valve control from BMW in gasoline engines
© Pierburg
and shortly thereafter, with the general trend in engine downsizing, the MVP was introduced in mass production gasoline engines [2]. The late 1990s saw the first Electric Vacuum Pump (EVP) designed for demand-oriented and therefore engine- independent control [3]. Simple integration without the need to modify the engine in order to accommodate the MVP led to a high demand for the product in engines with insufficient vacuum production. Since 2010, electric vacuum pumps have also been used in modern drivetrains due to their engine-independent operation. Electric vacuum pumps are now being integrated into vehicles of all classes, both hybrid and electric, including the Opel Corsa e, BMW i3, the E300 Plug-in Hybrid and the EQC from Mercedes-Benz [4]. Over the decades, vacuum systems for brake boosters have continuously
A U T H O RS
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Rombach is Senior Manager for Vacuum Pumps and Electrical Vapour Pumps at Pierburg Pump Technology in Neuss (Germany).
Dr.-Ing. Bernd Wickerath is Senior IP Coordinator for Division Mechatronics at Pierburg GmbH in Neuss (Germany).
evolved in order to keep pace with the changing requirements of automotive engineering, FIGURE 1. As a result, vacuum systems have always held their own in the competition with other forms of brake boosting, for example electro-hydraulic and electro-mechanical systems. In 2020, vacuum systems had a global market share of over 84 %, equating to some 76 million vehicles, making them the most widely used brake booster solution in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles [5]. THE NEXT DECADE
In the coming decade, automotive engineers will focus primarily on electrifi cation of the drivetrain and automated driving [6]. These two megatrends influence the requirements imposed on brake systems, culminating in greater com-
Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Nabil Al-Hasan is Group Manager for Vacuum Pumps at Pierburg Pump Technology in Neuss (Germany).
plexity and hei
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