The Value of Virtual Chromoendoscopy in the Workup of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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HEAD AND NECK CANCERS (EY HANNA, SECTION EDITOR)
The Value of Virtual Chromoendoscopy in the Workup of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Charlotte Van Lierde 1,2 & Brecht Gyselinck 1,2 & Jeroen Meulemans 1,2 & Raf Bisschops 3 & Pierre Delaere 1 & Vincent Vander Poorten 1,2 Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Second primary tumors (SPTs) significantly increase the mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE) could complement or replace lugol chromoendoscopy (LCE) for early esophageal second primary tumor (ESPT) detection. An overview of the existing techniques and their diagnostic performance in early detection of esophageal squamous cell neoplasms is provided. Recent Findings Nowadays, LCE is the golden standard to detect ESPTs. Recently, multiple new VCE techniques have been developed. Especially narrow-band imaging (NBI) is promising. It shows similar sensitivity to LCE, but a significantly higher specificity. Summary Patients with HNSCC are prone to develop ESPTs, both synchronous and metachronous, with a substantial negative impact on survival rates. Therefore, active screening and follow-up is necessary. LCE is an effective screening method, but has some disadvantages. Countering these drawbacks, NBI shows a high potential in early ESPT detection in high-risk patients. Additional multicenter studies are needed to compare diagnostic performance and cost-effectiveness of NBI and other VCE techniques with LCE. Keywords Virtual chromoendoscopy . Lugol chromoendoscopy . Esophageal cancer . Second primary tumor . Head and neck cancer . Enhanced imaging
Abbreviations AFI Autofluorescence imaging BA Brownish area BLI Blue light imaging DF-NBI Dual-focus narrow-band imaging ESPT Esophageal second primary tumor FICE Flexible spectral imaging color enhancement HNSCC Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma HRME High-resolution microendoscopy C. Van Lierde and B. Gyselinck are shared first authors. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Head and Neck Cancers * Vincent Vander Poorten [email protected] 1
Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
2
Section Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
3
Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
iCLE LCE LVL M NBI NM NPV pCLE PPV SFORL SPT TNE UADT VCE WLE
Integrated confocal laser endoscopy Lugol chromoendoscopy Lugol voiding lesion Magnifying Narrow-band imaging Non-magnifying Negative predictive value Probe-based confocal laser endoscopy Positive predictive value Société Française d’ Otorhinolaryngologie Second primary tumor Transnasal endoscopy Upper aerodigestive tract Virtual chromoendoscopy White light endoscopy
Introduction The concept of field cancerization in patients with a primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
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