Theory and Practice of Climate Adaptation
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. As such, both the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the 25th Conference of the Parties (COP 25) recommendations call for action
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Fátima Alves Walter Leal Filho Ulisses Azeiteiro Editors
Theory and Practice of Climate Adaptation
Climate Change Management Series editor Walter Leal Filho, Hamburg, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8740
Fátima Alves Walter Leal Filho Ulisses Azeiteiro •
Editors
Theory and Practice of Climate Adaptation
123
Editors Fátima Alves Department of Social Sciences and Management Universidade Aberta Lisbon Portugal and Centre for Functional Ecology, Science for People and the Planet University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
Walter Leal Filho Faculty of Life Science HAW Hamburg Hamburg Germany Ulisses Azeiteiro Department of Biology & CESAM University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
ISSN 1610-2002 ISSN 1610-2010 (electronic) Climate Change Management ISBN 978-3-319-72873-5 ISBN 978-3-319-72874-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72874-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018932534 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Climate change is among the major challenges of modern times. As the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the recommendations from the Paris Agreement have shown, it is important to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 °C. The endorsement of the Paris Agreement, which was ratified by 172 Parties—out of the 197 Parties to the
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