Thermal analysis of carbon nanomaterials: advantages and problems of interpretation
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Thermal analysis of carbon nanomaterials: advantages and problems of interpretation Alexander G. Bannov1 · Maxim V. Popov1,2 · Pavel B. Kurmashov1 Received: 14 November 2019 / Accepted: 26 March 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Thermal analysis of carbon nanomaterials is a useful tool to investigate their synthesis and modification techniques. The properties and thermal behavior of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, and graphene-related materials mainly determine their fields of application. The parameters of thermal investigation of carbon nanomaterials, such as heating rate, gas atmosphere, heating regime, make it possible to study the important characteristics useful for their further applications: oxidation rate, amount of catalyst, yield, activation energy, and other kinetic parameters of oxidation process, etc. The main advantages of thermal analysis for characterization of carbon nanomaterials were discussed. The important features on the interpretation of differential scanning calorimetry data of graphite oxide and graphene oxide were formulated. A comparison of TGA and DSC data on graphene oxide reduction during heating has been made. In this review, we focus on recent advances in thermal analysis (mainly, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) of carbon nanomaterials. Keywords Thermal analysis · DSC · Thermogravimetric analysis · Carbon nanotubes · Graphene oxide · Graphite oxide
Introduction Carbon nanomaterials attract researchers all around the world during last decades. This interest is caused by their improved electronic, mechanical, electrical, thermal properties compared to conventional carbon materials. The latter ones are studied for many years and already found their applications as sealing materials (e.g., graphite, expanded graphite) [1], fillers for polymer composites (e.g., carbon black, expanded graphite) [2–7], components for manufacturing the electrodes for metallurgy (e.g., graphite, petroleum coke, metallurgical coke) [8–10], etc. At the same time, carbon nanomaterials are currently being investigated and their field of application depends on the properties considerably. Thermal analysis is the irreplaceable tool for * Alexander G. Bannov [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 K. Marx Pr., Novosibirsk, Russia 630073
N. D. Zelensky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninskii Pr., Moscow, Russia 119991
2
determination of thermal behavior of carbon nanomaterials, and its role is very valuable. The classification of carbon nanomaterials is relatively contradictory and complicated, but there are three main classes of these materials can be highlighted: fullerenes, nanofibrous carbon materials (this class mainly contains carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers) and graphene/graphene-related materials (graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphite oxide, and graphen
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