Thermal performance optimization of heat pipe using nanofluid: response surface methodology
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(2020) 42:590
TECHNICAL PAPER
Thermal performance optimization of heat pipe using nanofluid: response surface methodology Naveen Kumar Gupta1 · Abhishek Sharma2 · Pushpendra Kumar Singh Rathore3 · Sujit Kumar Verma1 Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 © The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2020
Abstract Nanofluids are the new class of thermo-fluidics. Researchers found that nanofluids have the potential to enhance the thermal performance of various thermal applications. In the present paper, parametric optimization of the thermal performance of nanofluid-filled heat pipe is performed using response surface methodology. The operating parameters like power input, inclination angle, filling ratio of nanofluid (working fluid) and nanofluid concentration are considered. Optimization study predicted the optimum value of thermal efficiency, thermal resistance and wall temperatures as 66.40%, 0.3884 °C/W and 78.86 °C, respectively, at 112 W power input, 55% filling ratio, 1.1% nanofluid concentration and at 58.5° inclination angle. The predicted and experimental optimization results are in good agreement. Keywords Thermosyphon · Nanofluids · Thermal performance · Response surface method Abbreviations NF Nanofluid TR Thermal resistance CCRD Central composite rotating design HP Heat pipe RSM Response surface methodology W Watt TR Thermal resistance (°C/W) List of symbols T Wall temperature in °C Q and ΔQ Heat supplied and uncertainty in heat supplied I and ΔI Current supply and uncertainty in the current supply q and Δq Heat flux and uncertainty in heat flux le Length of the evaporator section
la Length of adiabatic section Acs Cross-sectional (inner) area of the heat pipe R The thermal resistance of heat pipe a Inclination angle (°) p Input power (watt) V and ΔV Voltage and uncertainty in voltage A and ΔA Surface area and uncertainty in surface area ΔT and Δ(ΔT) The temperature difference of evaporator and condenser section and their uncertainty lc Length of the condenser section Keff Effective thermal conductivity of the heat pipe Leff The effective length of the heat pipe r Filling ratio (%) c Concentration of nanofluid (vol%)
Technical Editor: Francis HR Franca, Ph.D. * Naveen Kumar Gupta [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University, Mathura, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, GL Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, India
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, India
1 Introduction Heat exchangers are the inevitable process equipment used in various thermal applications. Heat pipe (HP) is a special category of heat exchangers. Figure 1 shows the working of the mesh wick heat pipe. It works on phase change closed-cycle phenomenon. Thermal performance of heat pipe (TPHP) depends upon the thermophysical properties of working fluids. All liquids (exc
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