Optimization of extraction conditions of flavonoids from celery seed using response surface methodology
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Optimization of extraction conditions of flavonoids from celery seed using response surface methodology Hang Nguyen Thu1 · Phuong Nguyen Van1 · Khoa Ngo Minh1 · Trang Le Thi1 Received: 19 January 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Celery seed is a potential medicinal material for the development of anti-gout agents because of its uric acid-lowering, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. In this study, the process of extraction of flavonoid from celery seed was optimized using response surface methodology. Various algorithms were used in order to model the relationship between output response (yield of extraction, total flavonoid content) and input parameters (ethanol concentration, temperature and solvent/solid ratio). The best model was established using multiple linear regression (MLR) algorithm. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: ethanol concentration: 90%; temperature: 90°C and the solvent/solid ratio: 4 ml/g. At these conditions, the yield of extraction was 11.57 ± 1.46% and the total flavonoid content was 4.922 ± 0.312 mg/g. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of apigenin - the main flavonoid of celery seed, was evaluated with the IC50 value of 0.247 µg/ml (95% CI 0.129–0.617 µg/ml). It was suggested that flavonoid might play a key role in the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of celery seed extract. Keywords Apium graveolens L. · Celery seed · Flavonoid · Response surface methodology · Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
Introduction Hyperuricemia is characterized by producing an excessive amount of uric acid in the body or impairment of uric acid excretion or both of them and can lead to other chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease [1]. One of the important drug groups used for prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia is xanthine oxidase inhibitor [2]. However, the clinical use of allopurinol, which is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and widely used to prevent increased blood uric acid levels, is limited due to several undesirable effects such as hypersensitivity reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hepatotoxicity [1]. Therefore, it is * Phuong Nguyen Van [email protected] Hang Nguyen Thu [email protected] Khoa Ngo Minh [email protected] Trang Le Thi [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
necessary to search for new xanthine oxidase inhibitor which are safer than allopurinol. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) has been widely cultivated around the world. Our previous researches showed that celery seed was a potential medicinal material for the development of anti-gout agents because of its uric acid-lowering and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects [3, 4]. Flavonoids are one of the main group of components of celery seed [5]. It is believed that flavonoids may play an important role in uric acid lowering and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects of this medicinal herb [
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