Assessment of pipe powder in soil improvement applications: an optimization by response surface methodology
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ICCESEN 2017
Assessment of pipe powder in soil improvement applications: an optimization by response surface methodology Baki Bağrıaçık 1 & Zeynel Baran Yıldırım 2 & Esra Deniz Güner 3 & Ahmet Beycioğlu 2 Received: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Experimental design methods have become very popular approaches in engineering studies thanks to providing some advantages to reduce time period of experiments. In this study, shear strength characteristics of sandy soils were investigated by using central composite design (CCD) approach which is one of the response surface methods. Shear box test results performed at different time intervals were used to design CCD. In model application, the effect of time period under constant load (TPUL) and pipe powder (PP) content (8–12–16%) were used as independent factors to observe shear strength characteristics. Regression equations, variance analysis results, and factor interactions of response variables were used as statistical parameters to analyze CCD performance. Experimental results showed that TPUL is a significant parameter. CCD analysis also determined the importance of TPUL and suggested 14 days as the best time period. CCD results also showed that the optimum PP content can be selected as 12%. Keywords Response surface methodology . Central composite design . Waste management . Pipe powder . Soil improvement
Introduction The global waste generation volumes are increasing day by day. According to the Statistical Office of the European Union (EUROSTAT), the global solid waste generated in 28 EU countries is approximately 2.54 billion tons in 2016 (Eurostat 2019). Moreover, 75.5 million tons of waste is generated in 2016 in Turkey (Eurostat 2019). Although industrial manufacturing is one of the key parameters of development for developing countries, industrial production wastes have an important place among the abovementioned amounts. Turkish Statistical Institution (TSI) reported that the total amount of
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Geo-Resources-EarthEnvironmental Sciences * Ahmet Beycioğlu [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
3
Department of Environmental Engineering, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
manufacturing industry waste in Turkey is about 16.27 thousand tons in 2016(TSI 2019). The issue of waste disposal with useful recycling mechanisms attracts the attention of researchers of many kinds of areas within the scope of waste management and sustainable future. Also, researches made in the last decades showed that there are increasing global attention to evaluate waste materials in the construction and the infrastructure sectors (Velasco et al. 2014). The glass fiber–reinforced composite (GFRC) production sector is one of the biggest industrial manufacturing sectors. Glass fiber–reinforced plastic (GRP) pipe production i
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