Time-dependent physicochemical characteristics of Malaysian residual soil stabilized with magnesium chloride solution
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Time-dependent physicochemical characteristics of Malaysian residual soil stabilized with magnesium chloride solution Nima Latifi 1 & Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid 1 & Nurhan Ecemis 2 & Mahmood Md Tahir 3 & Aminaton Marto 1
Received: 18 December 2014 / Accepted: 18 September 2015 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2015
Abstract The effects of non-traditional additives on the geotechnical properties of tropical soils have been the subject of investigation in recent years. This study investigates the strength development and micro-structural characteristics of tropical residual soil stabilized with magnesium chloride (MgCl2) solution. Unconfined compression strength (UCS) and standard direct shear tests were used to assess the strength and shear properties of the stabilized soil. In addition, the micro-structural characteristics of untreated and stabilized soil were discussed using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), energydispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDAX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area analysis. From the engineering point of view, the results indicated that the strength of MgCl2-stabilized soil improved noticeably. The degree of improvement was approximately two times stronger than natural soil after a 7-day curing period. The results also concluded the use of 5 % of MgCl2 by dry weight of soil as the optimum amount for stabilization of the selected soil. In addition, the microstructural study revealed that the stabilization process modified the porous network of the soil. The pores of the soils had
* Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid [email protected] 1
Geotechnic & Transportation Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla, Izmir, Turkey
3
Construction Research Centre (CRC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
been filled by the newly formed crystalline compounds known as magnesium aluminate hydrate (M-A-H). Keywords Residual soil . Non-traditional additive . Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) solution . UCS . FESEM . FTIR
Introduction High-quality soils as material for geotechnical engineering construction are rare in many parts of the world, and more often than not, engineers are forced to seek alternatives to reach the stipulated requirements. In addition, the gradual increase in population as well as rapid development in the construction industry in recent years has made it more urgent than ever to gain the knowledge and information needed to improve existing soil for geotechnical engineering purposes. Soil stabilization is the process of improving the physical and engineering properties of soil to obtain some predetermined targets. It operates in various ways such as mechanical, biological, physical, chemical and electrical (Marto et al. 2014). Nowadays, among the different m
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