Conducting biopolymer electrolyte based on pectin with magnesium chloride salt for magnesium battery application
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Conducting biopolymer electrolyte based on pectin with magnesium chloride salt for magnesium battery application S. Kiruthika1 · M. Malathi1 · S. Selvasekarapandian2,3 · K. Tamilarasan1 · T. Maheshwari1,2 Received: 28 August 2019 / Revised: 2 December 2019 / Accepted: 13 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Currently, biopolymer electrolytes are attracting a great deal of interest as substitute for synthetic polymer electrolytes in electrochemical devices, as they are carbon neutral, sustainable, reduce dependency on non-renewable fossil fuels and easily biodegradable. Some of the biopolymers under research are chitosan, pectin, agar– agar, cellulose acetate and carrageenan. The current work deals with the study of ion conducting polymer electrolyte, pectin with magnesium chloride salt for magnesium battery application. Biopolymer electrolytes of different compositions of pectin with different concentrations of magnesium chloride salt are prepared by solution casting technique and subjected to various studies like by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), AC impedance spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). XRD analysis has been used to identify the amorphous/crystalline nature of the sample. The complex formation between the polymer pectin and the magnesium chloride salt has been analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. DSC analysis is a thermo-analytical technique which is used to observe the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the samples. AC impedance technique has been used to find the ionic conductivities of the sample. The electrochemical stability of the polymer electrolyte has been analyzed by linear sweep voltammetry. Among the prepared polymer electrolytes, 30 M wt% pectin: 70 M wt% MgCl2 offers the highest ionic conductivity of 1.14 × 10−3 S cm−1. The electrochemical stability of the highest conducting sample is 2.05 V. The primary magnesium battery has been constructed using the highest conducting sample, 30 M wt% pectin: 70 M wt% MgCl2, and the battery performance has been studied. Keywords Conducting biopolymer pectin · Magnesium chloride salt · Solution casting technique · AC impedance studies · Magnesium batteries
* S. Kiruthika [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Polymer Bulletin
Introduction At present, the modern society relays on clean, renewable, inexhaustible and ecofriendly energy sources for livelihood. Storing of electrical energy gains more importance in order to meet the growing demand of global energy, and novel battery systems have become a vital area of research. Synthetic solid polymers like PEO, PAN, PVA, PVP and PVDF have been used in the preparation of polymer electrolyte [1–5] for electrochemical devices like batteries, fuel cells, super capacitors, electro-chromic displays, smart window and solar cells owing to its advantage such as no leakage of electrolyte, offers a good me
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