Tissue distribution of tetrodotoxin and its analogs in Lagocephalus pufferfish collected in Vietnam
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Chemistry and Biochemistry
Tissue distribution of tetrodotoxin and its analogs in Lagocephalus pufferfish collected in Vietnam Linh Vu Thuy1,2 · Shigeru Yamamoto1 · Rika Kawaura2 · Naoki Takemura2 · Kohei Yamaki2 · Ko Yasumoto2 · Kentaro Takada2 · Shugo Watabe2 · Shigeru Sato2 Received: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 12 August 2020 © Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 2020
Abstract Pufferfish belonging to Lagocephalus are composed of several species, some of which have been recognized to be non-toxic. Although fish belonging to this genus inhabit a wide variety of seawaters from temperate to tropical, toxin distribution has remained unclear. The present study was conducted to thoroughly survey the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogs (TTXs) in the extracts from various tissues of Lagocephalus pufferfish, including L. spadiceus, L. cheesemanii, L. lunaris, and L. inermis collected in Vietnam, by using the TTX enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Analyses using the TTX-ELISA kit demonstrated the presence of a considerable amount of TTXs in the extracts prepared from various tissues and organs of Lagocephalus pufferfish. TTX was detected in gonads and intestine of L. cheesemanii as well as L. lunaris by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, but not in any tissues and organs of L. spadiceus. The extract from muscle of L. spadiceus was further subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses to investigate toxin components, revealing the presence of a high amount of 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX (TDT), but no TTX. Since the toxicity of TDT is very weak, L. spadiceus muscle was regarded to be non-toxic as far as samples collected in the present study are concerned. Keywords ELISA · Food safety · Lagocephalus spadiceus · Pufferfish · Tetrodotoxin analogs · Toxicity
Introduction Tetrodotoxin (TTX), one of the most potent natural neurotoxins (Narahashi et al. 1967; Kao 1982), was first detected in pufferfish (Takahashi and Inoko 1889a, 1889b); later, its unique structure was determined by Tsuda et al. (1964), Woodward (1964) and Goto et al. (1965). Subsequently, TTX has been found in various organisms, including vertebrates and invertebrates (Mosher et al. 1964; Noguchi and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-020-01460-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shigeru Sato shigeru@kitasato‑u.ac.jp 1
Graduate School of Human Life Science, Jumonji University, Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352‑8510, Japan
School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami‑ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252‑0373, Japan
2
Hashimoto 1973; Kim et al. 1975; Noguchi and Arakawa 2008) and even bacteria (Yasumoto et al. 1986; Noguchi et al. 1987; Biessy et al. 2019). Pufferfish belonging to Lagocephalus arecomprise several species, including half-smooth golden pufferfish L. wheeleri, brown-backed toadfish L. gloveri, and lunartail puffer L. lunaris, all of which are captur
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