Titanium incorporated and g-C 3 N 4 -coated NH 2 -UiO-66 for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Titanium incorporated and g‑C3N4‑coated ­NH2‑UiO‑66 for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution Xinpeng Wang1 · Wei Zhang1 · Congcong Wei1 · Rui Li2 · Jianping Guo2 · Bo Liu1 Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract A g-C3N4 coated and titanium cooperated with N ­ H2-UiO-66 prepared via a post-synthetic exchange method showed enhanced photocatalytic performance for hydrogen generation under visible light. The structure of N ­ H2-UiO-66 was not destroyed and the optical performance of MOF composite was significantly improved than N ­ H2-UiO-66. Based on the TEOA-ErB system and Pt cocatalyst, the highest ­H2 production efficiency of 0.1 g-C3N4/NH2-UiO-66(0.1Ti) could amount to 43.5 mmol h−1 g−1, which is about 2.6 times higher compared to parent N ­ H2-UiO-66. These findings suggest that the two modification methods could effectively inhibit the recombination of electron–hole pairs and improve the photocatalytic performance of MOF. Keywords  Titanium replacement · Metal-organic framework materials · Carbon nitride · Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

1 Introduction In recent years, hydrogen has attracted more attention as a clean, efficient, and renewable chemical energy source. Among various hydrogen production methods, photocatalytic decomposition of water into hydrogen is an ideal method [1–4]. Since Fujishima and Honda [5] reported the case of photocatalytic hydrogen production by ­TiO2, more and more photocatalysts have been developed. However, due to the problem of easy recombination of electron–hole pairs in single-component catalysts, the photocatalytic efficiency is not satisfactory. To solve the problem, multi-component catalysts based on semiconductor hetero-junction have been developed in recent years [6–9]. The semiconductor hetero-junction can effectively inhibit the recombination of electron–hole pairs, which improving the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (https​://doi.org/10.1007/s0033​9-020-03787​-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xinpeng Wang [email protected] 1



Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijng 100044, China



Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research, Beijng 100041, China

2

Metal–organic frameworks (MOF), also known as porous coordination polymers (PCP), is a type of cycle with selfassembly formed by metal ions or metal cluster units and organic ligands through coordination multidimensional network structure of porous crystalline materials. Comparing with traditional inorganic materials, MOF has the advantages of orderliness, design ability and high specific surface area [10–12]. Organic bridged ligands in MOFs can act as receivers to collect light and activate metal nodes in the form of linkers to form metal cluster charge transitions, so that some MOFs have semiconductor-like properties [13]. In 2010, Garcia [14] and colleagues have used Zr-based metal–organic fram