Tocopherol Moderately Induces the Expressions of Some Human Sulfotransferases, which are Activated by Oxidative Stress

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ORIGINAL PAPER

Tocopherol Moderately Induces the Expressions of Some Human Sulfotransferases, which are Activated by Oxidative Stress Sangita MaitiDutta1 Guangping Chen2 Smarajit Maiti ●



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Received: 16 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Oxidative stress is generated in biological system by several endogenous/exogenous factors like environmental-pollution/ toxicity/diseases and by daily-life-stress. We previously showed that oxidative-stress impaired the activities/expressions of phase-II drug-metabolizing enzyme, sulfotransferases (SULTs). The SULT catalyzes sulfation of endogenous/exogenous compounds. Vitamin E is globally consumed by a large number of individuals for the cellular protection from oxidative stress and aging. Here, vitamin E (tocopherol; α/γ and tocotrienol; α/γ; 0, 1, 10, or 100 μM) was tested in human carcinoma cell line, HepG2 for their influences on SULTs expression/(western blotting). The effects of oxidant (glutathione-oxidized/ GSSG) or reductant (glutathione-reduced/GSH, Dithiothreitol/DTT) on SULT activities were studied in rat-liver/human intestinal tissues. Results suggest, tocopherol is more inductive to monoamine-SULT (MPST) and DehydroepiandrosteroneSULT (DHEAST) compared to that of tocotrienol (inconsistent change in PPST, phenol sulfotransferase/MPST/EST, estrogen sulfotransferase). The nuclear-factor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) was found to be induced moderately. This study overall describes that vitamin E moderately influences SULTs expression. The induction ability of tocopherol should be judged taking into account its long-term consummation. Oxidative stress activates rat and human SULTs activities and expressions. Further studies are necessary in this regard. Keywords Human sulfotransferases Tocopherol and tocotrienol Oxidative stress SULT induction Western blot ●

Introduction Stress is the driving force for the adaptation and evolution process [1]. In wider sense, the environmental stress alters several physicochemical properties of the biological systems [2]. Oxidative stress is generated due to the redox imbalance in the cell [3]. These imbalances are initiated by the free radicals, lipid peroxides, transition metals,

* Smarajit Maiti [email protected] 1

Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India

2

Venture I OSU Laboratory, Oklahoma Technology & Research Park, 1110S. Innovation Way, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA

3

Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India

4

Agricure Biotech Research Society, Epidemiology and Human Health Division, Midnapore, West Bengal 721101, India







hydrogen peroxides, and in some conditions due to low antioxidant status, higher ratios of oxidized to reduced compounds (i.e., NAD/NADH+, GSSG/GSH) [4]. Regulation of sulfation of several e

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