Totality and Infinity An Essay on Exteriority
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TOT ALITY AND INFINITY AN ESSA Y ON EXTERIORITY
by EMMANUEL LEVINAS translated hy
ALPHONSO LINGIS
..
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9344-0 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-9342-6
e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9342-6
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In aII other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Originally published in French: Emmanuel Levinas, Tota/ite et infini: essai sur [' exteriorite, Martinus Nijhoff, La Haye, 1961, 5th ed. 1988, xviii + 284 pp, ISBN 90-247-5105-5 PHAENOMENOLOGICA 8. First printing 1969, Martinus NijhoffPublishers and Duquesne University Press. Second printing 1979, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and Duquesne University Press. Third printing 1991, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed on acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved © 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 4th edition 1991 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ ing photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permis sion from the copyright owner.
To Marcelle and Jean Wahl
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
11
PREFACB •
21
SECTION 1. The Same and the Other A. METAPHYSICS ANO TRANSCENDENCE 1. Desire for the Invisible . 2. The Breach of Totality . 3. Transcendence 1s Not Negativity • 4. Metaphysics Precedes Ontology • 5. Transcendence as the Idea of Infinity
33 33
35 40
42
48
B. SEPARATION AND DISCOURSE 1. Atheism or the Will 2. Truth . 3. Discourse . 4. Rhetoric and Injustice 5. Oiscourse and Ethics . 6. The Metaphysical and the H uman 7. The Face to Face-An 1rreducible Relation .
53 53 60
C. TRUTH ANO JUST1CE 1. Freedom Called into Question . 2. The Investiture of Freedom, or Critique . 3. Truth Presupposes J ustice
82 82 90
D. SEPARATION AND THE ABSOLUTE
102
64
70 72 77 79
84
SEqTION II. Interiority and Economy A. SEPARAT10N AS LIFE 1. Intentionality and the Social Relation 2. Living from ... (Enjoyment) The N otion of Accomplishment 3. Enjoyment and Independence
109 109 110 114
Table of Contents
4. Need and Corporeity . 115 5. Affectivity as the 1pseity of the 1 . 117 6. The 1 of Enjoyment Is Neither Biological Nor Sociological . 120 B. ENJOYMENT ANO REPRESENTATION 1. Representation and Constitution . 2. Enjoyment and Nourishment . 3. Element and Things, Implements 4. Sensibility . 5. The Mythical Format of the Element
122 122 127 130 135 140
C. 1 AND OEPENDENCE . 1. J oy and Its Morrows . 2. The Love of Life . 3. Enjoyment and Separation
143 143 144 147
D. THE OWELL
