Toward Sustainability of Community-Based Forest Management
This chapter illustrates a comparative scenario of four CBFM interventions in terms of socioeconomy, forest attributes , and legal, social, management, and resource system-related characteristics. Socioeconomic attributes reveal that villagers in respecti
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Toward Sustainability of Community-Based Forest Management
This chapter illustrates a comparative scenario of four CBFM interventions in terms of socioeconomy, forest attributes, and legal, social, management and resource system-related characteristics. Socioeconomic attributes reveal that villagers in respective area depend on forest resources (fuelwood, bamboo, timber, leaves, sungrass, vegetable) for cooking energy, house construction materials, food, and household income. Both VCF and Chunati PA are rich in plant species composition (consisting of more than 90 species), but tree density is highest in Betagi–Pomra CF (1164 trees/ha). Individual land ownership in Betagi–Pomra CF encouraged villagers to plant fast-growing and high-yielding tree species. Individual ownership, users’ management rights, well-defined boundary, small resource system, and social equality ensure relatively more sustainable management of forests in Betagi– Pomra CF, VCF, and AF projects than that of Chunati PA. Some policy implications are suggested for sustainability of various CBFM approaches, and recommendations are made to incorporate REDD+ schemes, introducing mutual rotating fund and collaboration of corporate agencies in CBFM.
7.1
A Comparative View of Socioeconomy and Forest Dependency
The villagers in all study areas are predominantly farmers practicing agriculture mostly on leased land as well as on their limited own land. The agricultural practices include shifting cultivation in hilly areas and rain-fed and irrigated agriculture in plain land. However, in Chunati PA, villagers have very limited agricultural land, and hence, they are engaged with other economic activities including daily wage labor, small village business, and working in garment industries. In case of Betagi–Pomra CF, villagers have diversified their economic endeavors including local business and service in local schools and public institutions. Dependency on © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 T.K. Nath et al., Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) in Bangladesh, World Forests 22, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42387-6_7
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7 Toward Sustainability of Community-Based Forest Management
Table 7.1 Villagers’ socioeconomy and forest dependency in four CBFM study sites Variable
B-P CF
VCF
AF project
Chunati PA
Occupation (%) Farmer 49 100 100 40 Daily labor 11 30 – 28 Business 14 25 30 12 Service 18 26 7 8 Others 8 6 – 12 Mean annual income (BDT) 160,875 91,666 219617 67404 Income from forest products (BDT) 28,604 (18)a 24,137 (26)b 56750 (26)c 7620 (13)d Dependency on forest Moderate Moderate Low High Cooking energy source Firewood 100 100 100 100 20 – – Cylinder gas* – – – 20 Improved cooking stove* Note B-P CF (Betagi–Pomra CF); values in parenthesis denote percentage of mean annual income *They also use firewood but less amount a Income from selling of forest products b Market value of forest products consumed by villagers c Income from selling agricultural products from agroforestry plots d Income from selling forest products except
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