Towards building a blockchain framework for IoT
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Towards building a blockchain framework for IoT Deepa Pavithran1
· Khaled Shaalan2 · Jamal N. Al-Karaki1,3 · Amjad Gawanmeh4
Received: 4 September 2019 / Revised: 7 December 2019 / Accepted: 27 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Blockchain is a very promising technology that spans many use cases other than cryptocurrencies. For example, its implementation in the Internet of Things (IoT) based networks is still unclear and demands further research. This is mainly due to the limited constraints of IoT devices and the ledger-based design of blockchain protocol. IoT may offer many benefits if blockchain features can be balanced to fit it. As such, many current problems in IoT can be resolved. However, implementing blockchain for IoT may still impose a variety of challenges. In this paper, we provide a recent literature review analysis on blockchain in IoT. In particular, we identify five key components along with their design considerations and challenges that should be considered while creating blockchain architecture for IoT. We also define gaps that hinder creating a secure blockchain framework for IoT. We simulated two different types of blockchain implementation and identified that device to device architecture has comparatively better throughput than gateway based implementations. Keywords Blockchain · Blockchain technology · Internet of Things · Sensors
1 Introduction Information and communication technology is growing at a rapid pace. Advancement in semiconductor devices and communication technologies allows a multitude of devices to communicate through the internet. These devices enable machine to machine and machine to human communication. Such a trend can be referred to by many terms,
& Deepa Pavithran [email protected] Khaled Shaalan [email protected] Jamal N. Al-Karaki [email protected] Amjad Gawanmeh [email protected] 1
Abu Dhabi Polytechnic, P.O. Box 111499, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
2
The British University in Dubai, PO BOX 345015, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
3
Computer Eng. Department, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
4
College of Engineering and IT, University of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
including Internet-of-Things (IoT), Internet-of-Everything (IoE), Internet-of Vehicles (IoV), Internet-of-MedicalThings (IoMT), Internet-of-Battlefield-Things (IoBT), and so on [4]. These devices usually have sensors that can detect data from the physical environment. The detected data is then stored into centralized cloud storage for analysis and processing by various applications. The data residing in the centralized cloud is vulnerable to various forms of attack. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized platform where a copy of each transaction is kept by all parties [44]. The transactions are transparent and any modifications in them can be easily detected. Consider the example of a smart city where parking spaces are shown to users in real-time. Once sensors detect a free parking space,
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