Toxicity and repellent effects of wood extractives of five Malaysian wood species on Asian subterranean termite Coptoter
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ORIGINAL
Toxicity and repellent effects of wood extractives of five Malaysian wood species on Asian subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann Roszaini Kadir1 · Hassan Babar2 Received: 23 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Antitermitic potential of heartwood extractives of five Malaysian wood species against the subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi was investigated in laboratory experiments. Heartwood extractives of the wood species, Cinnamomum sp., Canarium littorale Blume, Cynometra malaccensis Meeuwen, Eugenia griffithii Duthie and Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baill.) Becc. were removed from wood sawdust using the four solvents, methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), acetone and toluene:industrial methylated spirit (Tol:IMS). Extraction was done using a Soxhlet extractor. Two different tests, toxicity and repellency, were conducted on filter paper treated with different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) of each wood extract to observe the repellents, feeding response and mortality of termites. No-choice bioassay using Hevea brasiliensis test blocks treated with the same concentrations of each wood extract was also carried out to compare the results with the termiticidal activity of extractives. Termite feeding, repellents, and mortality followed a concentration-dependent response. The highest termite mortality occurred at an extractive concentration of 4% of each wood species. Extractive of each wood species prepared using MeOH showed higher termite mortality, feeding inhibition and lower filter paper consumption when treated with 4% of concentration. Extractive of C. littorale prepared using EtOH as a solvent was least toxic to termite. Acetone extractive of S. borneensis showed significantly higher repellent activity against C. gestroi at 2, 3 and 4% of concentrations compared to the rest of treatments. Further characterization of the extractive content is needed to find out which compounds are responsible for termiticidal and antifeedant activity, either singly or jointly.
1 Introduction Subterranean termites are serious pests of structural wood and wood-based products in the tropical and subtropical countries as well as in southern European countries. The termite fauna of Malaysia consists of seven genera of subterranean termites, including the genus of Coptotermes; species of this genus cause over 85% of total structural infestations and contribute a major share to the cost of termite control in Malaysia (USD 10-12 million annually) (Kuswanto et al. 2015). The most important species are C. travians, * Roszaini Kadir [email protected] 1
Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2
C. havilandi, C. sepangensis, C. gestroi and C. kalshoveni. However, C. gestroi is the most common infestation species in the urban area, which readily attack structures and buildings due to its aggressi
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