Toxicity of the pharmaceuticals finasteride and melengestrol acetate to benthic invertebrates
- PDF / 468,208 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 22 Downloads / 192 Views
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Toxicity of the pharmaceuticals finasteride and melengestrol acetate to benthic invertebrates Ève A. M. Gilroy 1,2 & Adrienne J. Bartlett 2 & Patricia L. Gillis 2 & Nicholas A. Bendo 3 & Joseph Salerno 2 & Amanda M. Hedges 2 & Lisa R. Brown 2 & Emily A. M. Holman 2 & Naomi L. Stock 4 & Shane R. de Solla 3 Received: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 # Crown 2020
Abstract The toxicity of endocrinologically active pharmaceuticals finasteride (FIN) and melengestrol acetate (MGA) was assessed in freshwater mussels, including acute (48 h) aqueous tests with glochidia from Lampsilis siliquoidea, sub-chronic (14 days) sediment tests with gravid female Lampsilis fasciola, and chronic (28 days) sediment tests with juvenile L. siliquoidea, and in chronic (42 days) sediment tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the mayfly Hexagenia spp. Finasteride was not toxic in acute aqueous tests with L. siliquoidea glochidia (up to 23 mg/L), whereas significant toxicity to survival and burial ability was detected in chronic sediment tests with juvenile L. siliquoidea (chronic value (ChV, the geometric mean of LOEC and NOEC) = 58 mg/kg (1 mg/L)). Amphipods (survival, growth, reproduction, and sex ratio) and mayflies (growth) were similarly sensitive (ChV = 58 mg/kg (1 mg/L)). Melengestrol acetate was acutely toxic to L. siliquoidea glochidia at 4 mg/L in aqueous tests; in sediment tests, mayflies were the most sensitive species, with significant growth effects observed at 37 mg/kg (0.25 mg/L) (ChV = 21 mg/kg (0.1 mg/L)). Exposure to sublethal concentrations of FIN and MGA had no effect on the (luring and filtering) behaviour of gravid L. fasciola, or the viability of their brooding glochidia. Based on the limited number of measured environmental concentrations of both chemicals, and their projected concentrations, no direct effects are expected by these compounds individually on the invertebrates tested. However, organisms are exposed to contaminant mixtures in the aquatic environment, and thus, the effects of FIN and MGA as components of these mixtures require further investigation. Keywords Freshwater mussels . Amphipods . Mayflies . Reproduction . Growth . Pharmaceuticals . ECOSAR
Introduction
Responsible editor: Cinta Porte Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10121-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ève A. M. Gilroy [email protected] 1
Green House Science, Burlington, ON, Canada
2
Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
3
Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
4
Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
Over the last two decades, it has been increasingly clear that pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are ubiquitous in environmental surface waters near populated areas. Pharmaceuticals are designed to be biologicall
Data Loading...
