Toxicological interactions of cadmium and four pesticides on early life stage of rare minnow ( Gobiocypris rarus )
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Toxicological interactions of cadmium and four pesticides on early life stage of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) Yanhua Wang1 Xinfang Li1 Chao Xu2 Guiling Yang1 Dou Wang1 Xinquan Wang1 Qiang Wang1 ●
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Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although chemicals have been traditionally regulated on an individual basis in aquatic ecosystems, they often co-exist as different types of complex mixtures. Laboratory assays were conducted for assessing the responses of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) to individual and mixture chemicals [trace element cadmium (Cd), thiamethoxam, deltamethrin, malathion and prochloraz]. Data obtained from 96 h semi-static toxicity assays implied that deltamethrin elicited the highest toxic effect on the various developmental phases (larval, juvenile and adult phases) of G. rarus with LC50 values ranging from 0.00061 to 0.25 mg a.i. L−1, followed by prochloraz, malathion and Cd with 96-h LC50 values ranging from 0.49 to 1.1, from 7.1 to 26, and from 7.6 to 15 mg a.i. L−1, respectively. Thiamethoxam elicited the lowest toxic effect on the organisms with 96-h LC50 values ranging from 38 to 202 mg a.i. L−1. Larval phase was not always the most sensitive period in the three detected phases to most of chemicals. Chemical combinations containing deltamethrin and malathion displayed synergetic responses to the larvae of G. rarus. Besides, the binary mixtures of Cd-deltamethrin and Cd-prochloraz also exhibited synergetic response to rare minnows. Our results indicate that extra information is necessary to develop practical criteria for selecting chemical combinations that require legislative attention according to their likelihood to exert synergetic responses. Thence, more investigations on mixture toxicities of various chemicals should be taken as a priority for producing synergetic interaction to improve the environmental risk assessment of chemicals. Keywords Mixture toxicity Aquatic toxicity Cadmium Pesticides ●
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Introduction The aquatic ecosystems are repeatedly exposed by many pollutants because of the wastewater discharge of agricultural, industrial or domestic sources, seriously
Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02269-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Qiang Wang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021 Zhejiang, China
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College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, China
menacing the aquatic organisms (Kalogianni et al. 2017; Quadra et al. 2019). Among these pollutan
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