Traditional Rice Cultivation in Kerala
This chapter looks at the cultivation of traditional rice varieties in Kerala, South West India. It seeks to test the effectiveness of the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001 and the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration
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cal Knowledge, Intellectual Property and Agricultural Innovation
Local Knowledge, Intellectual Property and Agricultural Innovation
Michael Blakeney • Kadambot H. M. Siddique Editors
Local Knowledge, Intellectual Property and Agricultural Innovation
Editors Michael Blakeney School of Law The University of Western Australia Crawley, WA, Australia
Kadambot H. M. Siddique Hackett Professor of Agriculture Chair and Director of The UWA Institute of Agriculture University of Western Australia Crawley, WA, Australia
ISBN 978-981-15-4610-5 ISBN 978-981-15-4611-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4611-2 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Preface
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that about 795 million people were chronically undernourished in 2012–14 (FAO, 2015). In 1996, the World Food Summit defined food security as ‘when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life’ (Maxwell and Buchanan Smith, 1992). With 70% of the world’s extremely poor and food insecure people living in rural areas, the role of agriculture – the predominant economic activity in those areas – is crucial for the eradication of poverty and food insecurity. Smallholder farmers increasingly cultivate marginal lands that are particularly vulnerable to climate change (see Wood et al, 2014). The FAO has observed that with global warming, ‘many, of today’s poorest developing countries are likely to be negatively affected in the next 50–100 years, with a reduction in the extent and potential productivity of cropland’ (FAO,
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