Transactions on Engineering Technologies World Congress on Engineeri
This volume contains fifty-one revised and extended research articles written by prominent researchers participating in the international conference on Advances in Engineering Technologies and Physical Science (London, UK, 2-4 July, 2014), under the World
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nsactions on Engineering Technologies World Congress on Engineering 2014
Transactions on Engineering Technologies
Gi-Chul Yang • Sio-Iong Ao • Len Gelman Editors
Transactions on Engineering Technologies World Congress on Engineering 2014
123
Editors Gi-Chul Yang Multimedia Engineering College of Engineering Mokpo National University Chonnam, Korea Republic of (South Korea)
Sio-Iong Ao IAENG Secretariat International Association of Engineers Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
Len Gelman Department of Applied Mathematics & Computing School of Engineering Cranfield University Cranfield, Bedfordshire, UK
ISBN 978-94-017-9803-7 DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9804-4
ISBN 978-94-017-9804-4 (eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015936284 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Dordrecht is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www. springer.com)
Preface
A large international conference on Advances in Engineering Technologies and Physical Science was held in London, U.K., 2–4 July, 2014, under the World Congress on Engineering 2014 (WCE 2014). The WCE 2014 is organized by the International Association of Engineers (IAENG); the Congress details are available at: http://www.iaeng.org/WCE2014. IAENG is a non-profit international association for engineers and computer scientists, which was founded originally in 1968. The World Congress on Engineering serves as good platforms for the engineering community to meet with each other and to exchange ideas. The conferences have also struck a balance between theoretical and application development. The conference committees have been formed with over 300 committee members who are mainly research center heads, faculty deans, department heads, professors, and research scientists from over 30 countries. The congress is truly global international event with a high level of participatio
