Transdermal Nanomedicines for Reduction of Dose and Site-Specific Drug Delivery
The emergence of new technologies provides unique opportunities to exploit novel approaches in drug delivery. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are one of the imperative technologies of increasing interest with the benefits of sustained/controlled
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Transdermal Nanomedicines for Reduction of Dose and Site-Specific Drug Delivery Biswajit Mukherjee, Soma Sengupta, Soumyabrata Banerjee, Moumita Dhara, Ashique Al Hoque, Leena Kumari, Manisheeta Ray, Iman Ehsan, and Alankar Mukherjee
Abstract
The emergence of new technologies provides unique opportunities to exploit novel approaches in drug delivery. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are one of the imperative technologies of increasing interest with the benefits of sustained/controlled drug delivery leading to patient convenience and compliance. By definition, TDDS are topically administered medications, for example, patches or semisolids, which permeate the active ingredient through the intact skin for systemic effects in a sustained manner. Transdermal drug deliveries, therefore, are the noninvasive administration of active ingredients from the skin surface across its layers, to the systemic circulation. Nanomedicinal approaches through TDDS can be utilized for site-specific delivery of drugs which can lead to the reduction of dose, too. We have reported here TDDS providing nanomedicinal strategies to deliver drug(s) to the target tissues. Keywords
Skin · Transdermal delivery · Nanomedicine · Dose · Site-specific delivery
8.1
Introduction
Skin, being the largest organ of our body, protects us as a physiological barrier from different infections, environmental stress, such as heat or cold, and permeates the sensation with the help of nerve endings residing beneath the skin. Certain active ingredients having the potency to cross this physiological barrier can even reach the
B. Mukherjee (*) · S. Sengupta · S. Banerjee · M. Dhara · A. Al Hoque · L. Kumari · M. Ray · I. Ehsan · A. Mukherjee Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 M. K. Das, Y. V Pathak (eds.), Nano Medicine and Nano Safety, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6255-6_8
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systemic circulation. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are topically administered medications intended for systemic use with the benefits of sustained/ controlled delivery leading to patient convenience and compliance [1, 2]. The primary goal of the transdermal route is to deliver drugs into systemic circulation at a predetermined rate across the primary barrier of drug delivery, i.e., the stratum corneum (SC) [3]. Lipophilic polymeric nanocarriers have been exploited to enhance skin penetration of larger, hydrophilic/hydrophobic drugs for various diseases. Nanomedicine could be defined as a branch of medicine which applies the technique, knowledge, and specific tools of nanotechnology to diagnose/prevent/ treat the diseases. Nanomedicine is more advantageous over conventional formulations since it enables more effective and less toxic diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Over the last few decades, several nanosize drug/drug carrier-based approaches have been reported for the effective transport of active drug molecules through the skin. Targeted drug delive
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