Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test (snot)-22 for Finnish patients

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RHINOLOGY

Translation, cross‑cultural adaptation, and validation of the sino‑nasal outcome test (snot)‑22 for Finnish patients Anni Koskinen1   · Sari Hammarén‑Malmi1 · Jyri Myller2 · Marjukka Mäkelä3 · Elina Penttilä4 · Timo Pessi5 · Tuomo Puhakka6 · Antti Raappana7,8 · Rami Taulu9 · Sanna Toppila‑Salmi10 · Paula Virkkula1 · Maija Hytönen1 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020

Abstract Purpose  The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) is the most commonly used disease-specific quality of life questionnaire in rhinology. The purpose of this prospective study was to translate and validate SNOT-22 into Finnish. Methods  The validation process followed the guidelines proposed for cross-cultural adaptation of health-related measures of quality of life. The study consisted of three groups: rhinologic out-patients (N = 96), FESS patients (N = 49) and healthy controls (N = 79). Out-patient and FESS groups completed the questionnaire twice (answers A and B), out-patients after two weeks and FESS patients after 3 months. Validity, reliability and responsiveness were evaluated. Results  The mean SNOT-22 sum score of the out-patient questionnaires were 35.3 points (answer A) and 32.4 points (answer B). ICC in out-patient group was 0.879. For the FESS patients, the mean pre- and postoperative (answer A and B) SNOT22 sum scores were 46.8 and 21.9 points, respectively (p