Transport in Polyiodide Networks of a Self Assembled Lithium Iodide Battery
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Transport in Polyiodide Networks of a Self Assembled Lithium Iodide Battery William M. Yourey, Lawrence Weinstein, and Glenn G. Amatucci Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Material Science and Engineering Energy Storage Research Group. North Brunswick NJ, 08902 ABSTRACT As MEMS devices for biomedical and other applications continue to develop and decrease in dimensions, the demand for power supplies with the appropriate size and energy density continues to grow. Although energy density is an important factor, one of the most crucial factors is the ability to fabricate cells in a variety of shapes so to enable the greatest design flexibility when fabricating a device. Recently [1,2] our group has introduced an electrochemically self formed battery to grant a path towards the greatest flexibility. In short, a nanocomposite of an alkali halide such as lithium iodide is placed between current collectors and polarized thereby creating a lithium anode and polyiodide cathode in-situ. As with primary lithium-iodine cells the transport within the cathode is a complex mechanism involving the Li+, I, and e- all within the polyiodide network. After our recent work on in-situ EIS evaluation of the technology, we have launched on an effort to greater understand the limiting transport mechanisms in the positive electrode as a function of polyiodide network development. INTRODUCTION Over the past few years the developments of MEMS materials as sensors, actuators, and other microscopic devices have raised the need for microscopic power sources [3]. To date, macro power sources have been used for these devices, and by using these sources problems can arise such as cross-talk, noise, difficultly controlling the power delivery, as well as the volume of the power source is many orders of magnitude larger than the device [4]. For some systems such as automobile airbag sensors and digital mirror displays this macro power source is not a problem, but for many devices the larger power sources can offset the advantage of having a micro-system [5]. A solution to this problem would be the development of microbatteries to act as the power supply to the MEMS systems, and the need for the development of microbatteries with the appropriate volume and energy density continues to grow as the technologies continue to advance toward miniaturization [6]. A self assembled micro battery with the appropriate dimensions would be one solution to this problem. These batteries, recently introduced by our group, that begin with a homogeneous material and form under potential, are able to increase the energy density of the cell by decreasing the volume of the overall unit that is not directly related to providing energy, but most importantly, this path simplifies production of the battery itself. EXPERIMENTAL Sample Preparation
Poly (vinyl-pyrrolidone) (Aldrich, Average MW=1×104 g/mol), LiI beads (Aldrich, 99%), and Iodine (Aldrich, ≥99.8% chips) were premixed in a mortar and pestle and then high energy milled (HEM), 400 RPM for one hour
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