Trends in Nanophysics Theory, Experiment and Technology

"Trends in Nanophysics" contains reviews on various domains of nanotechnology such as: radiation-induced polymerization, cross-linking and grafting; Mossbauer study of nanomaterials; biomedical applications of nanomaterials; organic thin films for photovo

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Alexandru Aldea · Victor Bârsan Editors

Trends in Nanophysics Theory, Experiment and Technology

With 164 Figures and 11 Tables

123

Editors Prof. Dr. Alexandru Aldea National Institute for Materials Physics (INFM) Atomistilor St. 105 077125 Magurele-Bucharest Romania [email protected]

Dr. Victor Bârsan Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH) Atomistilor St. 407 077125 Magurele-Bucharest Romania [email protected]

ISSN 1612-1317 e-ISSN 1868-1212 ISBN 978-3-642-12069-5 e-ISBN 978-3-642-12070-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-12070-1 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010927488 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010  This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

This volume is based on some representative contributions presented in the workshop: “Trends in nanophysics: theory, experiment, technology”, which took place in Sibiu, Romania, 23–29 August 2009, being organized by ICTP-Trieste, IAEA, IFIN-HH – Bucharest and ULB – Sibiu. The aim of this workshop was to facilitate experts and active researchers to exchange ideas and information on the most recent results in nanophysics and nanotechnology. It was also an opportunity for young researchers and for researchers from developing countries to enlarge their knowledge and to approach new themes in this area. In fact, the articles contained in this book represent written and enriched versions of the workshop oral presentations. The topics covered by them are the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Ordered atomic-scale structures Nanowires: growth and properties Transport phenomena in nanostructures Optical properties of nanostructures Magnetic nanophases; magnetic and non-magnetic nanocomposites Nanofluids and flows at nanoscale

1 Ordered Atomic-Scale Structures The quest of a reliable method for fabricating ordered atomic-scale structures is a prerequisite for future atomic-scale technology – the ultimate goal of nanosciences. In his lecture devoted to this subject, Schneider reviews selected examples con