Triacontanol Protects Mentha arvensis L. from Nickel-Instigated Repercussions by Escalating Antioxidant Machinery, Photo
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Triacontanol Protects Mentha arvensis L. from Nickel‑Instigated Repercussions by Escalating Antioxidant Machinery, Photosynthetic Efficiency and Maintaining Leaf Ultrastructure and Root Morphology Aarifa Nabi1 · Rukhsar Parwez1 · Tariq Aftab1 · M. Masroor A. Khan1 · M. Naeem1 Received: 19 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nickel (Ni), an essential micronutrient and a prime component of the plant enzyme urease, has an indispensable role in plants. Triacontanol (TRIA) is a conspicuous plant growth regulator in agriculture, which proved advantageous in enhancing the overall production of plants. Therefore, an experiment was laid down to understand the effects of Ni toxicity on the menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) and its mitigation by exogenously applied TRIA. The different treatments applied to the plants were 0 (control), TRIA (10−6 M), Ni (60 mg kg−1), Ni (80 mg kg−1), TRIA ( 10−6 M) + Ni (60 mg kg−1), and TRIA (10−6 M) + Ni (80 mg kg−1). This work was evaluated on the basis of various growth, biochemical, physiological, yield and quality parameters. Nickel applied at 80 mg kg−1 of soil exhibited maximum inhibition in the parameters studied. Application of TRIA improved all the growth parameters such as plant height, fresh and dry weights as well as herbage yield under non stress and stressed conditions. The levels of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and chlorophyll fluorescence of the plants were also stimulated by TRIA under Ni stress. Exogenous TRIA also displayed positive effects on the cellular antioxidant defense mechanism of Ni-affected plants as it increased the levels of proline (PRO), electrolytic leakage (EL), and activities of antioxidant enzymes, viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX), therefore, restrained the triggering of the oxidative burst (reactive oxygen species) in the plant cells. Moreover, TRIA improved the overall production (in terms of yield and content) of EO in the plants and maintained the leaf ultrastructure and root morphology under Ni treatment. GC–MS analysis revealed that TRIA upregulated the level of menthone and menthyl acetate over their respective controls and under Ni-stressed condition. Keywords Active constituents · Menthol mint · Oxidative stress · Nickel stress · TRIA
Introduction Nickel, a lustrous, silvery white-hard metal, is present all over the world in different soil types with various oxidation states (López and Magnitski 2011; He et al. 2012; Tsadilas et al. 2019). Nowadays, Ni pollution is a serious concern all over the world because its concentration has increased considerably, exceeding the permissible limit in the soil (Poonkothai and Vijayavathi 2012; Sreekanth et al. 2013; Emamverdian et al. 2015). Nickel is an essential micronutrient which plays a pivotal role in the growth and * M. Naeem [email protected] 1
Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim Univ
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