Triple-band Four-port MIMO Antenna with Reduced Mutual Coupling Using Minkowiski-modified Novel Fractal Loop
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Triple‑band Four‑port MIMO Antenna with Reduced Mutual Coupling Using Minkowiski‑modified Novel Fractal Loop Puspendu Bikash Saha1 · Rajib Kumar Dash1 · Dibyendu Ghoshal1 Accepted: 11 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A four-port multiband multiple-input-multiple-output antenna with a novel fractal loop derived from the conventional Minkowiski loop is presented in this article. This antenna uses third iteration of the proposed fractal loop and operates at IEEE 802.16d WiMAX band (5.7 GHz) and dual X-bands (7.3 and 9.2 GHz) for ATC and Radar applications. Initially a compact (31.7 × 25.1 mm2 unit monopole antenna element resonating at three different bands (5.7, 7.4 and 9.4 GHz) is designed using the proposed fractal loop. The behavior of two-port MIMO with two unit monopoles in two different configurations has been studied first before designing the four-port MIMO which consists of four unit monopoles consuming maximum dimension of 68.4 × 52 mm2. The overall resonance and effective impedance bandwidth of the MIMO antenna have been found out from total active reflection co-efficient plots. The isolation (> 26 dB) and diversity characteristics of the antenna have been tested using envelope correlation co-efficient ( 9.96) values. The coupling between the elements is minimized by adjusting the separation of the monopoles and also by physically disconnecting the grounds of the monopoles. The measured parameters of the fabricated prototypes of both the unit antenna and four-port MIMO, show adequate similarity with the simulated ones. Keywords Fractal geometry · Minkowiski Loop · Four-port MIMO · Multiband Antenna · WiMAX · X-band
1 Introduction Recent wireless communication systems are demanding higher data-rate and channel capacity as the number of subscribers and usability both are increasing rapidly. Allocation of more bandwidth can increase the data-rate and channel capacity but as the spectrum is * Puspendu Bikash Saha [email protected] Rajib Kumar Dash [email protected] Dibyendu Ghoshal [email protected] 1
Department of ECE, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania, Tripura 799046, India
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limited for a particular communication system by TRAI, this cannot be done all the time. MIMO technology can effectively enhance the data rate and channel capacity without consuming additional bandwidth. MIMO antenna can transmit or receive multiple signals simultaneously without interfering each other if designed with proper isolation and diversity among the ports. MIMO antenna systems can also reduce the multipath channel fading effects of wireless communication by deploying a proper diversity model. Multiplexing is also possible in MIMO systems to increase the channel capacity further. For all these advancements MIMO antenna is attracting a major attention of the researchers for the last few years. A good number of researches have already been done on MIMO antennas. Numerous two-port MIMO antenna sy
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